EMPOWERMENT

TECHNOLOGIES
INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS
TECHNOLOGY TODAY: DEVELOPMENT AND
COMMONLY USED TOOLS
Module 1: Information and
Communications Technology Today
• At the end of this module, We can:
• Compare and contrast the nuances of
varied online platforms, sites, and
content.
• State the events that led to the current
technologies, processes, and techniques
used in ICT.
• Apply online safety, security, ethics
etiquette standards and practices in the
use of ICT.
Module 1: Information and
Communications Technology Today
• Use the Internet as a tool for
credible research and information
gathering.
• Use ICT in the context of global
communications for specific
professional track.
ICT – Information and Communications
Technology
•ICT – Collectively refers to
the technologies, both
hardware and software, that
enable humans to
communicate with one
another.
Evolution of ICT
• The beginning of ICT can be traced back
when humans started to use objects to
communicate with one another.
• There are four main periods in history that
divide the era of ICT, namely:
• The premechanical period
• Mechanical period
• Electromechanical period
• Electronic period
The Premechanical Period 3000BC- 1450AD
• Humans started communicating
with one another using words and
pictograms carved in rocks.
• Then they started to write symbols
as substitutes for pictures to depict
ideas, objects, and animals. -
alphabets
Pictogram of Sumerian
The Premechanical Period
• Paper was produced from papyrus
plant. - papers
• They compiled these records
written on pieces of paper and
bound them together. –books
• As these books grew in number,
they needed to be compiled and
stored in areas - libraries
The Premechanical Period
• Around 100A.D. was when the first
1-9 system was created by people
from India. However, it wasn’t until
875A.D. (775 years later) that the
number 0 was invented.
The Premechanical Period

•The most popular device

created in this period is said
to have come from China –
the abacus.
The Abacus
The Mechanical Period 1450 -1840
• The interest in automating and
speeding up numerical
calculations grew.
• The highlight of this period is the
advent of the mechanical
calculator called the Pascaline.
The Mechanical Period 1450 -1840
• It can be called “Arithmatique
Machine”
• It was designed and built by the
French mathematician-philosopher
Blaise Pascal between 1642 and
1644. It could only do addition and
subtraction, with numbers being
entered by manipulating its dials.
The Pascaline
The Mechanical Period
• Analytical Engine – first
programmable mechanical
computer – Charles Babbage
• Charles Babbage- “Father of
Computers”
Analytical Engine
The Electromechanical Period 1840 -1940
• The use of electricity for
information handling and
transfer bloomed.
• This period saw the use of the
telegraph to transmit
information over long
distances.
The Electromechanical Period 1840 -1940
• Morse code was created by
Samuel Morse in 1835.
Telegraph
The Electromechanical Period
• The telephone was later invented by
Alexander Graham Bell in 1876,
enabling voice transmission over long
distances.
• Likewise, humans started to control
electricity using vacuum tubes in
devices that eventually led to the
development of today’s electronic
gadgets.
Hollerith machine
• The first automatic data processing
system. It was used to count the 1890
U.S. census. Developed by Herman
Hollerith, a statistician who had
worked for the Census Bureau, the
system used a hand punch to record
the data as holes in dollar-bill-sized
punch cards and a tabulating machine
to count them.
Hollerith machine
• Each card was placed into this reader.
When the handle was pushed down,
the data registered on the analog
dials.
Telephone
The Electromechanical Period

•The first radio developed

by Guglielmo Marconi in
1894
Radio
The Electromechanical Period
• The first large-scale automatic
digital computer in the United
States was the Mark 1 created
by Harvard University around
1940. This computer was 8ft
high, 50ft long, 2ft wide, and
weighed 5 tons.
Harvard Mark 1
The Electronic Period 1940 - Present
• The highlight of this period is focused on
the advent of solid state devices or
electronic devices.
• The four main events found in this period
are:
• The late vacuum tubes period
• The transistors period
• The integrated circuits period
• The computer processors period
The Electronic Period

•Electronic Numerical
Integrator and Computer
(ENIAC) – the first electronic
and general purpose computer,
marked a revolutionary period
in computing.
ENIAC
The Electronic Period

In 1947, the transistor was

invented. It is an electronic device
with properties and functions
similar to vacuum tubes, but it is
lightweight and faster.
The Transistor
The Electronic Period

• In 1958, Jack Kilby introduced the

integrated circuit (IC) – IC is a device
that is composed of a group of
transistors and circuit elements
compressed in a single package.
The Integrated Circuit (IC)
The Electronic Period

•The personal comptuer

was developed in 1977
(Apple II).
Apple II
The Electronic Period
• The advent and development of integrated
circuits ushered in the period of powerful
processors.
• ICs are used in processing devices, and
processors are constructed in IC forms.
• From this time up to today, computers are
evolving from basic textual interfaces to
graphical user interfaces (GUI).
ICT Today
• The fusion of hardware equipment, precise
software, GUI, and effective
communications network is the present
composition of the ICT network.
• World Wide Web is the product of this
fusion.
• Furthermore, Internet applications and
even Internet browsers work as tools for
communications and transmission of
information from one point to another.
Text Interface
The World Wide Web
• The World wide WEB (www) is
the system that enables you to
access hypertext documents
and other files over the
internet.
The World Wide Web
The Technology was proposed
by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989, in
which a data base and interface
will be implemented to
associates links in readable
documents.
Web 1.0
• It is the “readable” phrase of the World
Wide Web with flat data. In Web 1.0,
there is only limited interaction
between sites and web users. Web 1.0
is simply an information portal where
users passively receive information
without being given the opportunity to
post reviews, comments, and
feedback. britannica.com
Web 2.0
• It is the “writable” phrase of the World
Wide Web with interactive data. Unlike
Web 1.0, Web 2.0 facilitates
interaction between web users and
sites, so it allows users to interact
more freely with each other.
Web 2.0
• Web 2.0 encourages participation,
collaboration, and information sharing.
Examples of Web 2.0 applications are
Youtube, Wiki, Flickr, Facebook, and
so on.
Web 3.0
• It is the “executable” phrase of Word
Wide Web with dynamic applications,
interactive services, and “machine-to-
machine” interaction. Web 3.0 is a
semantic web which refers to the
future.
Web 3.0
• In Web 3.0, computers can interpret
information like humans and
intelligently generate and distribute
useful content tailored to the needs of
users. One example of Web 3.0 is
Tivo, a digital video recorder. Its
recording program can search the web
and read what it finds to you based on
your preferences.
The Social Media

•ICT produced another high

impact user application – the
social media.
The Social Media

• These applications started

together with the Web 2.0 and are
used in communicating and
socializing with other application
users in virtual communities.
The Social Media
• The social media platform contains different
formats.
• Blogs
• Forums
• Photo-sharing sites
• Product selling
• Research sharing sites
• Social games
• Social networks
• Video sharing
Blogs
Product selling
Photo-sharing sites
Social networks
Research and Information Seeking
• Web search engines –
These are
programs designed to search or mine
the World Wide Web based on
keywords provided by the user.
• Google
• Yahoo
• Bing
• AOL
• Duckduckgo
Google
Yahoo
Bing
AOL
Research and Information Seeking
• Research indexing sites –
These are
Web sites dedicated to compile
and index researches done by
academic researchers, engineers,
social scientists, and so on.
• IEEE X plore
• Google Scholar
• ResearchGate
Research and Information Seeking
• Massive Online Open Course (MOOC)
sites or tutorial sites – These are
Web sites dedicated to teach and
inform users focused on different
areas.
• Coursera
• edX
• Udemy
Research and Information Seeking
• Employment Web sites –
These are Web
sites that enable companies to post
job vacancies and also accommodate
job seekers by providing a resume-
submission facility.
• Jobstreet
• JobsDB
• Bestjobs
Research and Information Seeking
• Electronic commerce (e-commerce) –
This is technology that uses
electronic means to trade products
and currencies.
• It also includes any technology
that introduces ease in business
management and customer
convenience.
Assistive Media
• a component under Assistive
technology (AT), which is a
generic term used to refer to a
group of software or hardware
devices by which people with
disabilities can access
computers.
Collaborative platforms
• a category of business
software that adds broad social
networking capabilities to work
processes.
• Acrobat
• ConceptDraw Office
• Google Drive
Convergent Technologies
• an extension of the term convergence
which means a “coming together of
two or more disparate disciplines or
technologies. For example, the so-
called fax revolution was produced by
a convergence of telecommunications
technology, optical scanning
technology, and printing technology.”
Mobile Media
• This refers to “media devices
such as mobile phones and
PDA’s were the primary source
of portable media from which
we could obtain information
and communicate with one
another.
Online systems
• Are online versions of information
systems which is “ the process of
and tools for storing, managing,
using and gathering of data and
communications in an organization.
An example of information systems
are tools for sending out
communications and storing files in
a business.”
Assignment
• 1. Explore the content of the Networked World
Readiness assessment via this link:
• http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/readinessguide/intro.
html
• 2. Compare and contrast the implications of
varied online platforms, sites, and content to best
achieve specific needs, objectives, or address
challenges in the classroom or that of your
community. On a piece of paper or whenever a
suitable digital tool is available, write down your
insight in 200 words .