Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Year : 2007
Version : 1/0
Session 17 – 18
PILE FOUNDATIONS
PILE FOUNDATIONS
Topic:
• Types of pile foundation
• Point bearing capacity of single pile
• Friction bearing capacity of single pile
• Allowable bearing capacity of single pile
INTRODUCTION
TYPES OF PILE FOUNDATION
STEEL PILE
TYPES OF PILE FOUNDATION
CONCRETE PILE
TYPES OF PILE FOUNDATION
CONCRETE PILE
TYPES OF PILE FOUNDATION
TYPES OF PILE FOUNDATION
WOODEN PILE
TYPES OF PILE FOUNDATION
COMPOSITE PILE
COMBINATION OF:
- STEEL AND CONCRETE
- WOODEN AND CONCRETE
- ETC
PILE CATEGORIES
2. FRICTION PILES
Carrying capacity is derived mainly from the adhesion or friction of the
soil in contact with the shaft of the pile
3. COMPACTION PILES
These piles transmit most of their load to the soil through skin friction. This
process of driving such piles close to each other in groups greatly reduces
the porosity and compressibility of the soil within and around the groups.
PILE CATEGORIES
FRICTION PILE
PILE CATEGORIES
QU QP QS
BEARING CAPACITY OF PILE
POINT BEARING CAPACITY
Where:
N = the average value of N-SPT
near the pile point (about 10D
above and 4D below the pile
point)
POINT BEARING CAPACITY
MEYERHOFF
POINT BEARING CAPACITY
MEYERHOF
QP = Ap .qP
qP ql l
q q L
l d ll b
ql d
10D
Where:
ql(l) : point bearing at loose sand layer (use loose
sand parameter)
ql(d) : point bearing at dense sand layer (use dense
sand parameter)
Lb = depth of penetration pile on dense sand layer
QP = Ap (c.Nc* + q’.Nq*)
QP = 9 . cu . Ap
POINT BEARING CAPACITY
VESIC
Ir = Rigidity index
Es Gs
Ir
21 s c q' tan c q' tan
Nc*
4
ln I rr 1 1
3 2
The value of Ir could be estimated from laboratory tests i.e.: consolidation
and triaxial
Initial estimation for several type of soil as follow:
Type of soil Ir
Sand 70 – 150
Silt and clay (drained) 50 – 100
Clay (undrained) 100 – 200
POINT BEARING CAPACITY
JANBU
QP = Ap (c.Nc* + q’.Nq*)
2
Nq* tan 1 tan .e 2 'tan
2
QP = . Ap . Nc . Cp
Where:
= correction factor
= 0.8 for D ≤ 1m
= 0.75 for D > 1m
Ap = section area of pile
cp = undrained cohesion at pile point
Nc = bearing capacity factor (Nc = 9)
FRICTION RESISTANCE
Qs p.L. f
Where:
p = pile perimeter
L = incremental pile length over which p and f are taken constant
f = unit friction resistance at any depth z
FRICTION RESISTANCE
SAND
Qs p.L. f
f K . v '. tan
Where:
K = effective earth coefficient
= Ko = 1 – sin (bored pile)
= Ko to 1.4Ko (low displacement driven pile)
= Ko to 1.8Ko (high displacement driven pile)
v’ = effective vertical stress at the depth under consideration
= soil-pile friction angle
= (0.5 – 0.8)
FRICTION RESISTANCE
CLAY
1. method
This method was proposed by Vijayvergiya and
Focht (1972), based on the assumption that the
displacement of soil caused by pile driving results
in a passive lateral pressure at any depth.
2. method (Tomlinson)
3. method
FRICTION RESISTANCE
CLAY - METHOD
Qs p.L. f av
f av v ' 2cu
Where:
v’= mean effective vertical stress
for the entire embedment length
cu = mean undrained shear strength ( = 0)
Qs p.L. f
f .cu
For cu 50 kN/m2
=1
FRICTION RESISTANCE
CLAY - METHOD
Qs p.L. f
f . v '
Where:
v’= vertical effective stress
= K.tanR
R = drained friction angle of remolded clay
K = earth pressure coefficient at rest
= 1 – sin R (for normally consolidated clays)
= (1 – sin R) . OCR (for overconsolidated clays)
FRICTION RESISTANCE
BORED PILE
Qs 0.45cu p L
Where:
cu = mean undrained shear strength
p = pile perimeter
L = incremental pile length over which p is taken constant
ULTIMATE AND ALLOWABLE BEARING
CAPACITY
DRIVEN PILE
QU QP QS
QU
Qall FS= 2.5 - 4
FS
QP QS
Qall
3 1. 5
BORED PILE
QU
Qall D < 2 m and with expanded at pile point
2 .5
QU
Qall no expanded at pile point
2
EXAMPLE
NC clay
5m
GWL = 18 kN/m3
cu = 30 kN/m2
5m R = 30o
OC clay (OCR = 2)
= 19.6 kN/m3
20 m cu = 100 kN/m2
R = 30o
Determine:
1. End bearing of pile
2. Friction resistance by , , and methods
3. Allowable bearing capacity of pile (use FS = 4)