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Fineness modulus is an index that represents the mean particle size of sand. It is calculated by performing a sieve analysis and adding the cumulative percentages retained on each sieve and subtracting that sum from 100. A lower fineness modulus indicates finer sand while a higher value represents coarser sand. The test involves sieving sand through various standard sieves, weighing the material retained on each, and calculating the fineness modulus based on the cumulative percentages retained.
Fineness modulus is an index that represents the mean particle size of sand. It is calculated by performing a sieve analysis and adding the cumulative percentages retained on each sieve and subtracting that sum from 100. A lower fineness modulus indicates finer sand while a higher value represents coarser sand. The test involves sieving sand through various standard sieves, weighing the material retained on each, and calculating the fineness modulus based on the cumulative percentages retained.
Fineness modulus is an index that represents the mean particle size of sand. It is calculated by performing a sieve analysis and adding the cumulative percentages retained on each sieve and subtracting that sum from 100. A lower fineness modulus indicates finer sand while a higher value represents coarser sand. The test involves sieving sand through various standard sieves, weighing the material retained on each, and calculating the fineness modulus based on the cumulative percentages retained.
• Fineness modulus of sand (fine aggregate) is an index number which
represents the mean size of the particles in sand. • It is calculated by performing sieve analysis with standard sieves. • The cumulative percentage retained on each sieve is added and subtracted by 100 gives the value of fine aggregate. • Fine aggregate means the aggregate which passes through 4.75mm sieve. • To find the fineness modulus of fine aggregate we need sieve sizes of 4.75mm, 2.36mm, 1.18mm, 0.6mm, 0.3mm and 0.15mm. • Fineness modulus of finer aggregate is lower than fineness modulus of coarse aggregate. DETERMINATION OF FINENESS MODULUS OF SAND • To determine the fineness modulus, we need standard sieves, mechanical sieve shaker (optional), dry oven and digital weight scale. Sample preparation - Take a sample of fine aggregate in pan and placed it in dry oven at a temperature of 100 – 110oC. After drying take the sample and note down its weight. Test procedure – Fineness Modulus of Sand - Take the sieves and arrange them in descending order with the largest sieve on top. If mechanical shaker is using then put the ordered sieves in position and pour the sample in the top sieve and then close it with sieve plate. Then switch on the machine and shaking of sieves should be done at least 5 minutes. WHAT IS FINENESS MODULUS OF AGGREGATE? • Fineness modulus is an empirical factor obtained by adding the cumulative percentages of aggregate retained on each of the standard sieves ranging from 80 mm to 150 micron and dividing this sum by 100. WHY TO DETERMINE FINENESS MODULUS? Fineness modulus is generally used to get an idea of how coarse or fine the aggregate is. More fineness modulus value indicates that the aggregate is coarser and small value of fineness modulus indicates that the aggregate is finer. Fineness modulus of different type of sand is as per given below. Type of Sand Fineness Modulus RangeFine Sand2.2 – 2.6Medium Sand2.6 – 2.9Coarse Sand2.9 – 3.2 Generally sand having fineness modulus more than 3.2 is not used for making good concrete. Fineness modulus can also be used to combine two aggregate to get the desirable grading. HOW TO DETERMINE FINENESS MODULUS? Sieve the aggregate using the appropriate sieves (80 mm, 40 mm, 20 mm, 10 mm, 4.75 mm, 2.36 mm, 1.18 mm, 600 micron, 300 micron & 150 micron) Record the weight of aggregate retained on each sieve. Calculate the cumulative weight of aggregate retained on each sieve. Calculate the cumulative percentage of aggregate retained. Add the cumulative weight of aggregate retained and divide the sum by 100. This value is termed as fineness modulus . So Fineness Modulus = 246/100 = 2.46