Ferro-Resonance

Protection System (CCVT)

Performance Analysis

Om Nayak
 Objective
• Analyze the behavior of a relay circuit on a
345 kV network consisting of CCVT (120V
secondary) and 120V auxiliary PT as a
burden
• Find a solution to the Ferro-resonance
problem (change the PT to 240 V)
• Validate the solution
 The Protection System
X2 N

0.0022076
VA_X2 Vsys
Vp
CCVT_A Burden X2

1.6
2.5e-005 0.0424
Y2
X23
AUX PT

75.0
203.0 1.85 Vdiv
Vaux

2.95
0.0824167
V_X2ab V_Y2ab #1 #2 load

6500000.0
#2

7049.5
#1 Y2
#3

0.01
2.5e-005 0.0424
X2
Y23

Vab Vp VB_X2
CCVT_B
R=0

BRK
Y2
V

2.03 0.15

Vgap
Gap
X2 81.3 117.0 Vprim

VC_X2
Vp
CCVT_C

25.0
Y2
 Validation
• Steady state performance
• De-energization transient of the CCVT model when the 345 KV
breaker is opened at 0.1 second.
• Figure below shows the normal behavior of the CCVT model.
 Analysis
• The energization transients were initiated by
closing the 345 kV breaker on the CCVT circuit.
• Several simulations were performed to study the
effect of various parameters such as burden
value, power factor, Aux PT voltage rating, ferro-
resonance suppression circuit, etc.
• Vaux : Auxiliary PT secondary (load side)
voltage
• V_x2ab : CCVT phase A-B secondary voltage
which feeds the relay circuit.
 Effect of Saturation
Without Saturation With Saturation

Actual Recording
Confirms
existence of
Saturation
on the actual
system
Parametric Study

50 VA

300 VA
 Conclusion
• Auxiliary Transformer Saturation was
interacting with CCVT saturation in
producing a sustained ferroresonance
• Doubling the Auxiliary PT voltage rating
prevented it from saturating and hence
ferro-resonance.
 References
• [1] H.W. Dommel, Electromagnetic Transients Program Reference Manual (EMTP
Theory Book), Bonneville Power Administration, Portland, 1986.
• [3] H.W. Dommel, “Digital computer solution of electromagnetic transients in
single- and multi-phase networks”, IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and
Systems, vol. 88, no 2, pp 734-741, April 1969.
• [4] M. Szechtman, T. Wess, C.V. Thio, “First Benchmark Model for HVDC Control
Studies”, CIGRE, Electra, No. 135, April 1991.
• [5] Simulation Tools for Electromagnetic Transients in Power Systems, Report
Prepared by the Task Force on Simulation Tools for System Transients of the IEEE
Modeling and Analysis of Systems Transients Working Group, 2002.
• [6] "The Transformer Inrush and Motor Starting Current Transients During EDG
Cross-Tie", dated 05/26/04
• [7] M. Kezunovic, C. W. Fromen, S. L. Nilsson, “Digital Models of Coupling
Capacitor Voltage Transformers for Protective Relay Transient Studies”, IEEE
Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 7, No. 4, October 1992.
• [8] M.R. Iravani, X. Wang I. Polishchuk, J. Ribeiro A. Sarshar, “Digital Time
Domain Investigation of Transient Behavior of Coupling Capacitor Voltage
Transformer”, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 13, No. 2, April 1998.