TYPHOON A severe weather

disturbance
AIR MASSES What is an air
mass?
AIR MASS
A large body of air often covering thousands
of square kilometers that acquires the physical
characteristics (temperature and humidity) of
the surface region where it forms.
Warm Ocean – warm and moist
Snow Area – cold and low moist
AIR MASS
Warm Air Mass – air mass is warmer
than the surface area over which it
moves
Cold Air Mass – cold air mass is colder
than the surface area over which it
moves
FRONT
Air masses do not mix if they do not have
the same temperature and moisture
content, thus forming a weather “FRONT”
or a boundary between two air masses.
 TWO TYPES OF FRONTS
WARM FRONTS COLD FRONTS
WEATHER DISTURBANCES How are weather
disturbances form?
WEATHER DISTURBANCES
Usually associated with torrential rains,
flash floods, thunderstorms, tornadoes and
low pressure areas or cyclones.

Philippine Weather Bureau is PAGASA.

HOW TROPICAL CYCLONE DEVELOPS
Most tropical cyclones form over vast
ocean areas covered by warm moist air
masses like the areas near the
EQUATOR.
At the equator, the Northeast Trade
Winds and Southeast Trade winds met
forming the Intertropical Convergence
Zone (ITCZ).
The twisting forces of the earth’s
rotation causes the spinning of the
winds of the cyclone.
HOW TROPICAL CYCLONE DEVELOPS
Violence of the typhoon is due
to the tremendous energy
released as condensation occurs
continuously .
CONDITIONS FOR CYCLONE TO
CONTINUOUSLY DEVELOP
There must be a continuous supply of rising warm
moist air.
The air at the center must rise high enough to cool
and bring about condensation.
The exit of the air above is continuous, thus,
permitting a continuous flow of warm moist air from
below.
CLASSIFICATIONS OF CYCLONES
Tropical Depression – with a wind speed of less
than 63 kilometers per hour (km/hr).
Tropical Storm – with a wind speed from 63 to
118 km/hr.
Typhoon – with a wind speed of more than 118
km/hr.
 West Indies, Atlantic

HURRICANES Ocean, and Indian Ocean

“Huraken”-Mayan god of
Wind
MOVEMENT OF TYPHOONS
 TYPHOON WINDS
FIRST SECOND
Experienced as the typhoon Experienced when the other
approaches the area, side of the eye wall hits the
characterized by strong winds area.
blowing in one direction.
Characterized by strong winds
Followed by calm without rain again, but, this time, blowing in
as the eye if the typhoon the opposite direction.
passes.
PHILIPPINES PRONE TO TYPHOON WHY?
FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO THE HIGH
INCEDENCE OF TYPHOONS IN PH.
1. Vast surface area of the Pacific Ocean
2. Warm waters of the tropical sea, not only the surface
water but also down to a depth of around 46 meters
below the surface.
3. Location of the Philippines right along the path of
typhoons that originate from the Caroline-Marianas
area
4. Presence of monsoons:
WIND SYSTEM IN THE PHILIPPINES
HABAGAT AMIHAN
Southwest Northeast Monsoon
Monsoon or or Amihan is felt
Habagat is felt strongest from
strongest around November to
July to October February.
MAKING WEATHER FORECAST
WEATHER MAP
Shows the pattern of pressure, temperature,
humidity and wind speed at different levels of
atmosphere.

There are two kinds of weather maps:

A. Surface Map made in a 6 hours interval.
B. Upper Map made in a 12 hours interval.
INSTRUMENTS USED IN WEATHER
FORECASTING
Barometers
Thermometers
Sling psychrometer
Hygrograph
Rain gauge
Radiosonde
Radar