Cell Selection Reselection

Cell Selection and Reselection
1 © NOKIA topic: cell selection & reselection/ July 2003 /Markus Wimmer
Cell Selection and Reselection: Motivation
indication NAS control radio CM requests
manual mode to user measurements
PLMN
selected
PLMN selection cell selection registration location
and reselection and reselectionarea changes registration
PLMN
available location
registration
automatic mode response
RRC tasks: if the UE is in the

if the UE is in the
RRC idle mode • PLMN selection and RRC connected
reselection; mode
states:
• Cell selection and
• CELL_FACH,
reselection;
• CELL_PCH, and
• Location • URA_PCH
registration.
PLMN Selection
Switch on
in automatic PLMN selection operation mode
Last
registered
PLMN
Home PLMN
User controlled
PLMN list
Operator
controlled PLMN
HPLMN Search Period Timer list
6 .. 480 minutes
Default: 60 minutes Other PLMN‘s with
RAT‘s the UE is
capable of
Cell Reservations and Cell Restrictions
BCCH: Cell Access Restriction
Cell Access Class barred:

- acceptable (UE access classes 0..9 and
- suitable
- barred 11..15)
- reserved
Cell Reservations and Cell Restrictions
suitable for selection Cell „barred“
and reselection
Case Cell Barred Cell reserved Cell reserved

for operator for future extension
1 not barred not reserved not reserved
2 not barred not reserved reserved
3 not barred reserved ---
4 barred --- ---
suitable for AC 11 or 15 in 
HPLMN Not suitable – not even for
otherwise „barred“ emergency call
Cell Reservations and Cell Restrictions: Access Class
Access Class
irrelevant
for access
suitable cell
suitable cell
UE RRC connected
I ignore all Access

Class related cell
access restrictions
when selecting a
cell to camp on
UE RRC idle Access Class only

relevant for access
Nokia Parameters for Cell Reservations and Restriction
• WCEL: CellBarred
Defines whether the cell is barred or not. A barred cell is a cell where a UE is
not allowed to camp on. This parameter is part of SIB 3.
0 (Barred), 1 (Not barred); default: 1.
• WCEL: TBarred
When the cell is barred, UE regards the cell barred condition valid for a
number of seconds defined by the value of 'Cell barred period'. This
parameter is part of SIB 3.
[10, 20, 40, 80, 160, 320, 640, and 1280] seconds; default: 40 seconds.
• WCEL: Cell_Reserved
Defines whether the cell is reserved for operator use. This parameter is part
of SIB 3.
0 (Reserved), 1 (Not reserved); default: 1.
• WCEL: IntraFreq_Cell_Reselect_Ind
Defines whether intra-frequency cell re-selection is allowed when the cell is
barred.
This parameter is part of SIB 3/4.
0 (Allowed), 1 (Not allowed); default: 0.
States and State Transition in the RRC Idle Mode
Cell Selection Process

UE CN
NAS controls
NAS:
• RAT(s) associated with the selected PLMN
• forbidden registration areas
• list of equivalent PLMNs
PLMN
selection
AS:
attempts
AS controls
to find correspondent
suitable procedures
cells
go here whenever
a new PLMN
is selected
cell information no cell information

1
stored for the PLMN stored for the PLMN
Stored
Initial
Information no suitable cell found
Cell Selection
Cell Selection
no suitable
cell found
suitable cell found suitable cell found no

suitable
cell
suitable found
Cell Selection NAS
cell found
when leaving Camped registration
connected normally rejected
mode
return to leave suitable

idle mode idle mode cell selected
trigger
Cell
Connected Reselection no suitable
Mode Evaluation cell found
Process
21 © NOKIA
(adopted from TS 25.305 V3.11.0 chap. 5.5.2)
topic: cell selection & reselection/ July 2003 /Markus Wimmer
go here when no USIM in the UE Any Cell
Selection
1 USIM inserted
no acceptable cell found
an acceptable cell found
acceptable
Cell Selection
cell found
when leaving Camped on suitable
1
connected Any Cell cell found
mode
leave acceptable
return to idle mode
idle mode cell selected
trigger
Connected Cell no acceptable

Mode Reselection cell found
(Emergency Evaluation
calls only) Process
(adopted from TS 25.305 V3.11.0 chap. 5.5

Cell Selection Criterion S (in the FDD mode)
Qqualmeas (dB)
(CPICH Ec/N0) S-Criterion
Squal > 0
fulfiled
Squal >0 AND
Srxlev > 0
Qqualmin
(–24...0)
Qrxlevmin Qrxlevmeas (dBm

(–115...–25) CPICH RSCP
Pcompensation
suitabl Srxlev > 0

e
cell?
Cell Selection Criterion S
Cell size defining parameters:
• Qrxlevmin
• Qqualmin
I am
outsi
de


I am inside,
but have
not
enough
power -50 .. 33 dBm
Pcompensation
= max(UE_TXPWR_MAX_RACH – P_MAX, 0)
(Initial) Cell Selection Process
Once a suitable cell is found this cell is selected
Squal = Qqualmeas – Qqualmin > 0

Srxlev = Qrxlevmeas - Qrxlevmin – Pcompensation > 0
Initial Cell Selection Stored Information

(scan RF channel) or Cell Selection
I have to
find a
suitable
Cell Selection When Leaving the RRC Connected Mode
• active set cells as candidates for cell

selections; if not, then
• Stored information cell selection Squal > 0
Srxlev > 0
Nokia Parameters for Cell Selection
• WCEL: QrxlevMin
The minimum required RX level in the cell. This parameter is part of SIB 3.
[-115 ... –25] dBm, step 2 dBm; default: -115 dBm.
• WCEL: QqualMin
The minimum required quality level in the cell (Ec/No). This parameter is part
of SIB 3.
[-24 ... 0] dB, step 1 dB, default: -20 dB.
• WCEL: UEtxPowerMaxPRACH
This parameter defines the maximum transmission power level a UE can use
on PRACH. The value of the parameter also effects the cell selection and
reselection procedures. The value of the parameter is sent to UE in the Cell
selection and re-selection of SIB 3 and 4 of the serving cell.
[..]
Cell Reselection in the RRC Idle and RRC Connected Mo
HCS in use: HCS not in use:
measurement measurement
thresholds thresholds
S-Criterion S-Criterion
fulfilled fulfilled
H-Criterion
for fast for slow
moving UEs moving UEs
cells with cells with If No Cell

lower HCS highest HCSwith H>0
priority than Priorities &accept all
in serving cell H>0 neighbors
R-Criterion R-Criterion R-Criterion

cell ranking cell ranking cell ranking
Cell Reselection: Measurement Rules with no HCS
Sx=Squal (in FDD
mode)
SsearchRAT m Sintersearch Sintrasearch
Intra- No need to
frequency
Intra-frequency Intra- measure
Inter-
freqency
Inter-frequency frequency neighbour
Inter-RAT cells
Example: Nokia
Sintrasearch = 4dB, Where to perform
Sintersearch = 2dB, measurements
Ssearch_RAT = 0dB
serving cell
Nokia Parameters for Cell Reselection (Part I)
• WCEL: UseOfHCS
This parameter indicates whether the serving cell belongs to a Hierarchical
Cell Structure (HCS). This parameter is part of SIB 11/12.
0 (HCS not used), 1 (HCS in use); default: 0.
• WCEL: Sintrasearch
The threshold for intra-frequency measurements, and for the HCS
measurement rules. This parameter is part of SIB 3.
[0 ... 20] dB, step 2 dB, default: 4 dB.
• WCEL: Sintersearch
The threshold for inter-frequency measurements, and for the HCS
measurement rules. This parameter is part of SIB 3.
• WCEL: Ssearch_RAT
The RAT-specific threshold for inter-RAT measurement rules. This parameter
is part of SIB 3.
Cell Reselection: Measurement Rules with HCS
Sx=Squal (in FDD
if Srxlevs > SsearchHCS mode)
SsearchRAT m SlimitsearchRAT m Sintersearch Sintrasearch
Equal &
Higher HCS
higher HCS
priority
priority
Intra-frequency Intra-
Intra-
Inter-frequency frequency
frequency
Inter-
Inter-
frequency
frequency
if Srxlevs <= SsearchHCS Example: Nokia

Sintrasearch = 4dB,
Sintersearch = 2dB,
Ssearch_RAT = 0dB,
SsearchHCS = 1dB
Cell Reselection: Measurement Rules with HCS
Sx=Squal (in FDD
if Srxlevs > SHCS,RATm mode)
SsearchRAT m SlimitsearchRAT m Sintersearch Sintrasearch
Intra-
frequency, Equal &
Higher HCS
Intra- Inter- higher HCS
priority
frequency frequency, priority
Intra-frequency Intra-
Inter- & Intra-
Inter-frequency frequency
freqency Equal and frequency
Inter-
Inter-RAT higher HCS Inter-
frequency
priority frequency
inter RAT
if Srxlevs <= SHCS,RATm Example: Nokia

measure on all Inter-RAT cells Sintrasearch = 4dB, Sintersearch = 2dB,
Ssearch_RAT = 0dB, Slimit, searchRAT = 2dB
SsearchHCS = -1dB, SHCS_RAT = 1dB
Nokia Parameters for Cell Reselection (Part II)
• WCEL: SHCS_RAT
The RAT specific threshold for inter-RAT measurement rules. This parameter
is part of SIB 3.
[-1 ... 91] dB, step 2 dB, default: -1 dB (UE sets this value to 0).
• WCEL: Slimit_SearchRAT
Threshold for skipping inter-RAT measurement rules in HCS. Above this RAT
specific threshold in the serving UTRA cell, the UE does not need to perform
any inter-RATm measurements. This parameter is part of SIB 3.
• WCEL: SsearchHCS
Threshold for intra- and inter-frequency measurement rules in HCS. Below
this limit in the serving cell, the UE initiates measurements of all intra and
inter-frequency neighbouring cells of the serving cell. This parameter is part
of SIB 3.
[-1 ... 91] dB, step 2 dB, default: -1 dB (UE sets this value to 0).
Measurement Rules with HCS and fast moving UEs
NCR/TCRmax Example: Nokia
TCRmax = 60s,
NCR = 8,
TCRmaxHyst = 0s
time
measurement rules for fast moving UE TCrmaxHyst measurement rules for
slow moving UEs slow moving UEs
measurement rule for fast moving UEs
NCR = cell reselection threshold (default: 8)
TCRmax = time period

measures neighbouring cells priorizes cells with lower
with equal or lower HCS HCS priority for re-
47 © NOKIA
priority
topic: cell selection & reselection/ July 2003 /Markus Wimmer
selection
Nokia Parameters for Cell Reselection (Part III)
• WCEL: NCr
This parameter defines the maximum number of cell reselections. If the
number of cell reselections during the TCrmax time period exceeds the value
of NCr, high mobility has been detected. Not used if TCrmax equals 'not
used‚ This parameter is part of SIB 3.
[1 ... 16], default: 8.
• WCEL: TCrmax
The duration for evaluating the allowed amount of cell reselections. If the
number of cell reselections during the time period defined by Tcrmax
exceeds Ncr, high mobility has been detected. This parameter is part of SIB 3.
[0 (= not used), 30, 60, 120, 180, 240] seconds, default: 60 seconds.
• WCEL: TCrmaxHyst
Cell reselection hysteresis for reverting from UE high-mobility
measurements. The additional time period before UE reverts to low-mobility
measurements. This parameter is part of SIB 3.
[0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70] seconds, default: 0 seconds.
Cell Reselection: H-Criterion (slow moving UE)
measurement Hs = Qmeas,s – Qhcss
thresholds
Hn = Qmeas,n - Qhcsn – TOn * Ln
S-Criterion
fulfilled
H-Criterion
for fast for slow no cells with
moving UEs cells with moving UEs H>0
H>0
cells with
lower HCS only cells
priority than with accept all
in serving cell highest HCS neighbours
priorities &
H>0
R-Criterion
cell ranking R-Criterion R-Criterion
cell ranking cell ranking
Cell Reselection: H-Criterion (slow moving UE) and TOn
Hs = Qmeas,s – Qhcss
Hn = Qmeas,n - Qhcsn – TOn * Ln
Qmeas,n - Qhcsn PENALTY_TIMEn PENALTY_TIMEn
0
time
TOn TOn
TOn = 0 TOn = 0
Start Stop Start Example:
Tn Tn Tn HCS_PRIOn <>
HCS_PRIOs
TOn = TEMP_OFFSETn * W(PENALTY_TIMEn – Tn) => Ln = 1
Nokia Parameters for Cell Reselection (Part IV)
• WCEL: HCS_PRIO
This parameter defines the HCS priority level for a cell. Value 0 indicates the
lowest HCS priority and value 7 indicates the highest HCS priority.
[0 ... 7], default: 0.
• WCEL: QHCS
Quality threshold level for applying prioritised hierarchical cell re-selection
for a cell. Part of HCS Serving cell information (Qhcss). This parameter is part
of SIB 3.
[-24 ... 0] dB, step 0.5 dB, default: -24 dB.
• HOPS: AdjsHCSthreshold
Defines the threshold level which must be exceeded by the CPICH Ec/No of
the intra-frequency neighbouring cell before the hierarchical cell re-selection
becomes possible (Qhcsn).
[-24 ... 0] dB, step 0.5 dB, default: -24 dB.
HOPI: AdjiHCSthreshold: [-24 ... 0] dB, step 0.5 dB, default: -24 dB.
HOPG: AdjgHCSthreshold: [-110 ... -37] dBm, default: -110 dBm.
Nokia Parameters for Cell Reselection (Part IV)
• HOPS: AdjsTempOffset1
This parameter is used in the cell ranking between cells when the intra-
frequency neighbour cell has the same HCS priority level as the serving cell.
[3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 100 (Infinity)] dB, default: 3 dB.
HOPI: AdjiTempOffset1, HOPG: AdjgTempOffset1
• HOPS: AdjsTempOffset2
This parameter is used in the cell ranking between WCDMA cells when the
intra-frequency neighbour cell has the same HCS priority level as the serving
cell.
[2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 100 (Infinity)] dB, default: 2 dB.
HOPI: AdjiTempOffset2
• HOPS: AdjsPenaltyTime
Defines the time period during which the Temporary Offset 1/2 is applied in
the cell re-selection procedure for the intra-frequency neighbour cell in
question.
[0 ... 60] seconds, step 10 seconds, default: 0.
HOPI: AdjiPenaltyTime, HOPG: AdjgPenaltyTime
Cell Reselection: R-Criterion and TOn
temp. offset only
Rs = Qmeas,s + Qhysts used with HCS
Rn = Qmeas,n - Qoffsets,n - TOn * (1 – Ls)
PENALTY_TIMEnPENALTY_TIMEn
TOn
TOn
Qmeas,s
TOn = 0 TOn=0
Start Stop Start
Tn Tn Tn Example:
HCS_PRIOn = HCS_PRIOs
TOn = TEMP_OFFSETn * W(PENALTY_TIMEn – Tn) => Ln = 0
Cell Reselection: R-Criterion
Rs = Qmeas,s + Qhysts Rn > Rs =>
Rn = Qmeas,n - Qoffsets,n - TOn * (1 – Ls) „cell reselection“
Qmeas
Qmeas,n
Rn
Qmeas,s
Qhysts
Rs
Qoffsets,n
Treselection
Example:
HCS_PRIOn <>
HCS_PRIOs
Nokia Parameters for Cell Reselection (Part V)
• WCEL: Qhyst1 (Qhyst2)
Qhyst1 is used for TDD and GSM cells, and for FDD cells when cell selection and
re-selection quality measure is set to CPICH RSCP (CPICH Ec/No) (Qhyst1s/
Qhyst2s). This parameter is part of SIB 3.
• HOPS: AdjsQoffset1 (AdjsQoffset2)
This parameter is used in the cell re-selection and ranking between WCDMA
cells. The value of this parameter is subtracted from the measured CPICH RSCP
(CPICH Ec/No) of the intra-frequency neighbour cell before the UE compares
the quality measure with the cell re-selection/ranking criteria.
[-50 ... 50] dB, default: 0 dB.
HOPS: AdjsQoffset1 (AdjsQoffset2), HOPG: AdjgQoffset1, (AdjgQoffset2)
• WCELL: Treselection
The UE triggers the reselection of a new cell if the cell reselection criteria are
fulfilled during the time interval Treselection. This parameter is part of SIB 3.
[0 ... 31] seconds, default: 0 seconds.
The remaining parameters were already specified under Nokia Parameters for Cell
Reselection (Part IV).
Cell Reselection: Measurement Requirements – Serving
DRX
cycle

S S S S
    start measurement on
all neighbouring cells
Nserv
if UE RRC idle
12 seconds UE initiates cell selection
procedures for the
selected PLMN
At
DRXleast one
cycle if still no suitable cells UE “out of service
• CPICH Ec/Io area”
measurement if UE in
• CPICH RSCP CELL_FACH, CELL_PCH
measurement or URA_PCH
• S criterion evaluation
Cell Reselection: Measurement – Intra-frequency Cells
Intra-frequency cell
Serving cell
3 dB
TmeasureFDD cycle time

At least one UE is capable of evaluating that an intra-frequency
• CPICH Ec/Io measurement,
cell has become better ranked (if Treselection = 0)
or
within TmeasureFDD
CPICH RSCP measurement
Cell Reselection: Measurement– Inter-frequency Cells
Inter-frequency cell
Serving cell
3 dB for CPICH Ec/Io

5 dB for CPICH RSCP
(Ncarrier-1) * TmeasureFDD cycle time

At least one UE is capable of evaluating that an inter-frequency
• CPICH Ec/Io measurement
cell has become better ranked (if Treselection = 0)
or
within (Ncarrier -1) * TmeasureFDD
CPICH RSCP measurement
Cell Reselection: Measurement Requirements + GSM Ce
TmeasureGSM 30 seconds
Each GSM neighbour BSIC at least every 30 seconds for
• GSM BCCH carrier
RSSI
+ each of the 4 strongest GSM BCCH
carriers
DRX cycle Nserv TmeasureFDD[s] TevaluateFDD [s] TmeasureGSM [s]

length [s] [number of (number of (number of (number of
DRX cycles] DRX cycles) DRX cycles) DRX cycles)
0.08 4 0.64 (8 DRX cycles)2.56 (32 DRX cycl) 2.56 (32 DRX cycl)
0.16 4 0.64 (4) 2.56 (16) 2.56 (16)
0.32 4 1.28 (4) 5.12 (16) 5.12 (16)
0.64 4 1.28 (2) 5.12 (8) 5.12 (8)
1.28 2 1.28 (1) 6.4 (5) 6.4 (5)
2.56 2 2.56 (1) 7.68 (3) 7.68 (3)
5.12 1 5.12 (1) 10.24 (2) 10.24 (2)
In idle mode, UE supports DRX cycles lengths 0.64, 1.28, 2.56 and 5.12 s (DRX cycle length table
source: TS 25.133 V3.11.0 chap. 4.2.2.1
Cell Reselection: Maximum Interruption in Paging Rece
intra-frequency 50 ms
inter-frequency 50 ms TSI
inter-RAT 50 ms TBCCH

Cell Selection Reselection

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Cell Selection and Reselection

RRC tasks: if the UE is in the

BCCH: Cell Access Restriction

Cell Access Class barred:

Case Cell Barred Cell reserved Cell reserved

I ignore all Access

UE RRC idle Access Class only

cell information no cell information

suitable cell found suitable cell found no

return to leave suitable

no acceptable cell found

an acceptable cell found

Connected Cell no acceptable

(adopted from TS 25.305 V3.11.0 chap. 5.5

Qrxlevmin Qrxlevmeas (dBm

suitabl Srxlev > 0

Once a suitable cell is found this cell is selected

Squal = Qqualmeas – Qqualmin > 0

Initial Cell Selection Stored Information

• active set cells as candidates for cell

cells with cells with If No Cell

R-Criterion R-Criterion R-Criterion

SsearchRAT m SlimitsearchRAT m Sintersearch Sintrasearch

if Srxlevs <= SsearchHCS Example: Nokia

if Srxlevs <= SHCS,RATm Example: Nokia

Qmeas,n - Qhcsn PENALTY_TIMEn PENALTY_TIMEn

TmeasureFDD cycle time

3 dB for CPICH Ec/Io

(Ncarrier-1) * TmeasureFDD cycle time

DRX cycle Nserv TmeasureFDD[s] TevaluateFDD [s] TmeasureGSM [s]

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