What is a

Function?
Function > is the
relationship of an input to an
out put.
“f (x)=...” is the classic way
of writing a function.
There are three main parts of function:

•The input
•The relationship
•The output
There are lots of type of functions.Some example are:

• x² (squaring is a function
• x³ + is also a function
• Sine,Cosine and Tangent are
functions used in Trigonometry
• and many more
NAMES

• The most common name is “ f ” ,

but we can have other names like “
m” or even “ marmalade ”.
But let's use “f “ :

f ( x ) = x²
f= function name
(x)= input

x² = what to output
Relation:

> is a rule that relates values

from a set values ( called
domain ) to a second set of
values ( range).
PLACES HOLDER

So this function:
f (x) = 1- x + x²
•Is the same function as:
f (r) = 1-r + r²
h ( S)= 1 - S + S²
w (Ω) = 1 - Ω + Ω²
• Example :

y= x²
But still there is:
> An input (x)
> A relationship (squaring)
> and an output (y)
What type of things do functions process?

> Numbers.....definitely..But which number?

A set is well - defined collection of things.

Here are some examples:
a. set of vowels in alphabets
b. set of prime numbers from 2 to 20.
c. positive multiples of 3 that are less than 10
d.set of month have 28 days.
 FUNCTION IS SPECIAL
• But a function has special rules:
> It must work for every possible
input value
> And it has only one relationship for
each input value
Function:
X Y
9
1
3 1
0 0
4 16
-4 25
5
7
49
Function:
X Y
1 2
2 3
3 4

5
4
6
5 7
VERTICAL LINE TEST
Example : y= x³
X: x Y: x³
-3
-0.2
0
1.1
6
DOMAIN , CO-DOMAIN, RANGE

•The set “X” is the domain

•The set “ Y” is the range
•The set of all elements that get
point in Y ( the actual values
produce by the function)
Common terms:
Input Relationship Output

f ( x), g (θ),....
x , t, θ,... f, g, h,...... Range
Image
Domain Range Element
Domain Element Dependent Variable
Independent Variable Value of Function
Argument
Example:

• 1. q = 3v³ 2. f ( 2 )= 4

• “v” = independent “ 2” = argument

variable
• “q”= dependent
“ 4” = value of
variable the function
ORDERED PAIRS

Example:
• ( 2, 4 ) > they are called ordered pairs..
(input, output)

SET OF ORDERED PAIRS

Example:
｛(2,4),(3,5),(7,3)｝
Also, notice that:

• the domain is ｛2,3,7｝ (the input values)

• and the range is ｛4,5,3｝(the output values)

• Example:
• ｛(2,4),(2,5),(7,3)｝is not a function
FUNCTIONS IN PIECES

Example:
• A function with two pieces:
>when x is less than 0, it gives 5,
>when x is 0 or more it gives x²
EXPLICIT AND IMPLICIT

• “Explicit” is when the function shows us how to go

directly from x to y, such as:
y = x³-3 , when we know x we can find y
“ Implicit” is when it is not given directly such as:
x² - 3xy + y³ = 0
when we know x, how do we find y?
It may be hard (or imposible!) to go directly from x to y.
“Implicit” comes from “implied”, in other words shown
indirectly.
Answer the following:

1. What are the three main parts of

functions?
2. Set of previous President of the
Philippines.
3. Set of primary and secondary colors.
4. Set of prime number 1to 100.
5. Evaluate the following: y= x³

X:x Y:x³
-6
1
0
1.8
2.005
• 6. Evaluate the following. x= -4
1. f (x) = 6x-9
2. f (x) = 3x²-3x +1
3. f (x) = 4x / 1 + x²