LAKSHMI NARAIN COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

AND SCIENCE

Topic- Structural aspects of building

CREATED BY :-
UTKARSH AGRAWAL
SUBMITTED TO :-
SHIVAM SONI AAGYA RAJPUT MADAM
SPARSH JAIN CIVIL BRANCH
VISHAL JOSHI LNCT&S
VI D
SUSHMITA START UP PROJECT
TAIPEI 101
BUILDING THE FUTURE
 INTRODUCTION
Taipei 101 is located at the Hsin‐Yi area, the most famous
zone of many high‐rise buildings, in Taipei. Its site area is
30,277m2; construction area is 15,138m2; and total floor area
goes up to 37,000m2. It has two main parts. The tower, with
508m height, is for office usage; the podium is a shopping
mall, filled with lots of fined stores.
 BASIC INFORMATION
 The Taipei 101, formerly known as the Taipei World
Financial Centre – is a landmark super tall skyscraper in
Taipei, Taiwan.
 The building was officially classified as the world's tallest in
2004, and remained such until 2010.
 In 2011, the building was awarded the LEED platinum
certification, the highest award according to the Leadership
in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) rating system,
and
 became the tallest and largest green building in the world.
It used to have the fastest elevator in the world.
 Construction on the 101-story tower started in 1999 and
finished in 2004. The tower is designed to withstand
typhoons and earthquakes. A multi-level shopping mall
adjoining the tower houses hundreds of stores, restaurants
and clubs. media.
 Taipei 101 (once known as Taipei World Financial
Corporation)
 1,667 feet (508 meters) from ground to the tip of the spire
 101 floors above ground & 5 floors underground
 Plan Area - 50m x 50m
 Building Use - Office Complex + Mall
 Finished in 2004
 Cost $1.8 billion
 Tallest LEED certified building in the world (LEED Platinum)
 OBJECTIVE
 Taipei 101, a landmark 101 -storeys skyscraper is applying
for Leadership in Energy and environmental design (LEED)
gold certification with an objective to become the tallest
green building in the world. It is significant for the growth of
the building energy-efficiency industry in Taipei throughout
worldwide.
 Founded on the main principle of creating human-centred
buildings that are rich in culture and emphasize structural
innovative design.
 DESIGN CONCEPT
 Pagoda Style
○ Traditional Architecture
○ Ties into Cultural Beliefs
 Bamboo - 8 Segments
○ Everlasting Strength
○ Youth and Longevity
 Icon of Taiwan and Finances
○ Part of Xinyin District
○ Seismically Resistant Area
 TRADITIONAL
 Taipei 101 is based on pagoda style architecture. This
architectural style basically is a traditional style of a east
Asia. It is a tiered tower with multiple eaves built in tradition
originating as stupa in history.
 The giant circular protrusions on each side are based on
ancient Chinese coins.
 Taipei 101 was designed to resemble a gigantic bamboo
stalk. Bamboo stalk is an icon of learning and growing.
 Curled Ruyi figures appear throughout the structure as a
design motif. Though the shape of each ruyi at Taipei 101
traditional its rendering in industrial m
 TECHNICAL
 Maintaing such a traditional touch and a height of 508 m. it
is a modern sustainable building .
 It used to have worlds fastest elevators which ascends at
speed of 16.83 m/s and they are astoundingly smooth. It
has aerodynamic body, emergency braking system and the
worlds first triple stage anti overshooting system.
 It is highly energy efficient and sustainable building which is
need of today’s world.
 It is a building which is as stiffed to withstand gale winds of
60m/s as well as flexible to prevent structural damage from
strongest earthquake(2500 year cycle).
 Its blue green glass curtain walls are doubled paned and
glazed offer heat and UV protection sufficient to block
external heat up to 50% and can sustain impact of 7
tonnes.
 SYMBOLISM
 The height of 101 floors commemorates the renewal of
time: the new century that arrived as the tower was built
(100+1) and all the new years that follow (1 January = 1-
01). It symbolizes high ideals by going one better on 100, a
traditional number of perfection. The main tower features a
series of eight segments of eight floors each. In Chinese-
speaking cultures the number eight is associated with
abundance, prosperity and good fortune.
 At night the bright yellow gleam from its pinnacle casts
Taipei 101 in the role of a candle or torch upholding the
ideals of liberty and welcome. The adjoining Taipei 101
on the east side connects the landmark further with the
symbolism of time. The design of the circular park
doubles as the face of a giant sundial. The tower itself
casts the shadow to mark afternoon hours for the
building's occupants. Taipei 101, like many of its
neighbours, shows the influence of fengshui philosophy.
 CONSTRUCTION
380 piles with 3 inch concrete slab.
•Mega columns- 8 cm thick steel & 10,000 psi
concrete infill to provide for overturning.
•Walls - 5 & 7 degree slope.
•106,000 tons of steel, grade 60- 25% stronger.
•6 cranes on site – steel placement.
•Electrical & Mechanical.
•Curtain wall placement.

• STRUCTURAL SYSTEM
•Braced core with belt trusses.
 FOUNDATION
The building is a pile through clay rich soil to bedrock 40 – 60
m below.
The plies are topped by a foundation slab which is 3m thick
at the edges and up to 5m thick under the largest of columns.
There are a total of 380 1.5m dia. Tower piles.
COLUMN SYSTEM
Gravity loads are carried vertically by a variety of columns.
Within the core, sixteen columns are located at the crossing
points of four lines of bracing in each direction.
The columns are box sections constructed of steel plates,
filled with concrete for added strength as well as stiffness till
the 62nd floor.
On the perimeter, up to the 26th floor, each of the four
building faces has two ‘supercolumns,’ two ‘sub-super-
columns,’ and two corner columns.
Each face of the perimeter above the 26th floor has the two
‘super-columns’ continue upward.
The ‘super-columns’ and ‘sub-super-columns’ are steel box
sections, filled with 10,000 psi (M70) high performance
concrete on lower floors for strength and stiffness up to the
62nd floor.
 Central Braced Core
Resists Moments and Gravity Loads Large Perimeter
Mega-Columns
Concrete Filled Steel Boxes - Reinforced by Moment
Frame Outrigger Trusses
8 Segments of 8 Include a Story for Structure Diagonals
 Mass Tuned Damper
18’ Diameter (Largest in World)
728 - ton tuned
Suspended from the 92nd-87th floor
Reduces overall building sway by 40%
41 steel plates in varying diameters each 125 mm thick welded together
The anti-sway system passed a real-life test during Taiwan’s 6.8-
magnitude earthquake in 2002 while the tower was still under construction.
 Tower Height -. Building stories come at an ever-increasing
cost, as if the new story is added at the bottom of the
building. That reflects the need for supporting all the floors
above, for elevator and stairwell space, and for mechanical,
electrical, plumbing and fire protection risers. The economic
limit occurs where the added cost of a floor exceeds the
added rent the floor will bring.
 Foundation – the third challenge was the site soft rock
occurs beneath 40 to 60 m of clay and stiff colluvial soil.
The design required a 21 m deep basement while ground
water is usually 2m below grade.
 CHALLENGES
 Plan shaping for wind – the first challenge was a high wind
environment. Tall, slender chimneys and skyscrapers
experience alternating cross wind forces due to vortex
shedding wind passing the object separates from side
faces in alternating whirlpools. When vortex formation set
by wind speed and building dimensions coincide with
building period large forces can result.
 Seismic design issues – it was the second challenge ,a
structural system stiff enough to limit wind drift does not
automatically have the overload behaviour desired for
seismic ductility . But frames specifically design for seismic
ductility can be too flexible for wind condition.
WHAT MAKES TAIPEI 101
SO SPECIAL?
 The design of Taipei 101 includes many eastern Asian
cultural inspirations and is a perfect platform to share asian
culture international community. Taipei 101 also uses the
latest and best building technology. It is combination of our
culture heritage in the building design, together with the
best and newest technology, that allows Taipei 101 to be so
unique.
TITLES WON BY TAIPEI 101
 Tallest building in the world from 2004 to 2010.
 Tallest and largest green building in the world.
 In 2011 it was awarded by Leadership in Energy and
Environment Design.
 Tallest building in Taipei since 2004 till now.
 Fastest elevator in world till 2016.
 CONCLUSION
 Taipei 101 is a engineering marvel. Fulfilling all needs of an
iconic modern building that is esthetic,real state
economics,construction,occupant comfort in mild to
moderate winds, structural safety in typhoons and
earthquake and environment friendly. Solutions applied in
this building to solve challenges is a new step toward
technology. However being all this good there is one
problem associated with it is that seismic activities after
construction of building is increased in that area.