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1. Meristematic Tissue
A. Apical Meristems
B. Lateral Meristems
2. Permanent Tissue
A. Dermal (Surface Tissue)
B. Fundamental Tissue (Ground Tissue)
C. Vascular Tissue
MERISTEMATIC TISSUE
Composed of immature cells and are regions of active cell
division.
Tend to be small, have thin walls and rich in cytoplasm.
Found in the growing tips of the roots and stem.
A. Apical Meristems
Responsible for increase in length of the plant body.
Found on root tips and apical buds
B. Lateral Meristems
Responsible for increase in girth or diameter
Ex: Cambium present in woody plants and produce the cork
PERMANENT TISSUE
A. Dermal (Surface Tissue)
Forms the protective outer
covering of the plant body
1. Epidermis
Produce cutin to protect
plants against loss of water
Produce root hairs for
absorption of water and
minerals
2. Periderm
Replaces the epidermis
Constitutes the corky
outer bark of old trees.
PERMANENT TISSUE B. Fundamental (Ground Tissue)
Used in the production and
storage of food and in the
support of plant.
1. Parenchyma
Parenchyma on leaves
function for
photosynthesis
Mechanical strength by
maintaining turgidity and
also store waste products.
2. Collenchyma
Support of stems and
adapt themselves to the
rapid elongation of leaves.
3. Sclerenchyma
Provides elasticity,
flexibility, and rigidity to
the plant body forming
support.
PERMANENT TISSUE
C. Vascular Tissue
1. Xylem
Primarily functions for
the transport of water
and dissolved substances
upward in the plant body.
2. Phloem
Primary functions in the
transport of organic
materials such as
carbohydrates and amino
acids.
ANIMAL TISSUES
Animal Tissues
Developed from the primary germ layers of
the embryo:
Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm
There are 4 types of tissues:
Epithelial tissue
Connective tissue
Muscular tissue
Nervous tissue
I. EPITHELIAL TISSUE
Made up of continuous sheets of densely packed
cells, with little space or intercellular material
between them.
A basement membrane is usually present.
Functions:
1. Forms the covering or lining of all free body surfaces,
both internal and external to protect cells from
mechanical injury and water loss.
Types of Cartilage
1. Hyaline cartilage –nose, larynx, trachea,
bronchi, ends of ribs and surfaces of
bones.
C. Bone (Osseous tissue)
Has hard, relatively rigid matrix which
contains numerous collagen fibers and
a surprising amount of water,
impregnated with mineral salts such
as calcium carbonate and calcium
phosphate.
3 Components of Blood
1. Erythrocyte (RBC)
small, concave, disc-shaped cells
that lack nuclei during maturation in
mammals
Formed in the bone marrow
They arise from normally nucleated,
rapidly dividing connective tissue
cells of the bone marrow
Contains hemoglobin
D. VASCULAR TISSUE
2. Leukocyte (WBC)
Bigger than erythrocyte and
have large, often irregularly
shaped nuclei
Defenses against disease
and infection
Act as phagocytes, engulfing
and destroying bacteria and
remnants of damaged tissue
cells
Produce powerful enzyme
Lymphocytes –specialized
cells that play a central role
in immune reactions by
producing antibodies.
D. VASCULAR TISSUE
3. Platelets (Thrombocyte)
Small, non-nucleated,
colorless, round or oval
biconcave corpuscle produced
by a giant cell called
megakaryocyte found in the
bone marrow.
Functions for blood clotting
4. Plasma
Liquid component of blood.
5. Hemoglobin
The protein constituent of
blood
III. MUSCLE TISSUE
Function: responsible for movement in higher animals,
heat production and maintenance of posture.
c. Cardiac Muscle
Striated and branched muscle fibers
Found exclusively in the heart (myocardium) and is
involuntary in movement.
IV. NERVOUS TISSUE
Highly specialized for the
conduction of nerve impulses.
2. Dendrites