Fiction

IS AN IMAGINATIVE RECREATION OF LIFE.

 Elements of Fiction
1. Character - are the representation of a human being;
persons involved in a conflict.
Types of Character
1. Round Character – is a dynamic character who recognize changes
in the circumstances
- is a fully develop character, with many traits – bad and good
shown in the story.
2. Flat Character – also known as the stock or the stereotype
character who does not grow and develop.
 3. Protagonist – hero/heroine
4. Antagonist – the foil of the protagonist
5. Deuterogamist – second in importance
6. Fringe – one who is destroyed by his inner conflict.
7. Typical or minor characters

2. Setting – the location or period of time in which the action of a story

takes place.

3. Conflict – the struggle or complication involving the characters.

 Types of Conflict
1. Internal Conflict – occurs when the protagonist struggles within
himself or herself.
2. Interpersonal Conflict – pits the protagonist against someone else
3. External Conflict – happens when the protagonist is in conflict with
the values of his or her society

4. Plot – the sequence of event (chronological, flashback, time lapse)

 Chronological – the most common type of narrative order in children’s
books
 Flashback – occurs when the author narrates an event that took place
before the current time of the story
 Time lapse – occurs when the story skips a period of time that seems
unusual compared to the rest of the plot.

Pyramidal Structure of a Plot

Climax

Complication Denouement

Exposition Resolution
Exposition (Beginning) – introduces the time, place, setting and the
main characters.
Complication (Rising Action) – unfolds the problems and struggles
that would be encountered by the main characters
by the main characters leading on the crisis
Climax (Result of the crisis) – where the problem or the conflict is
the highest peak of interest; also known as the crisis
or the point of no return
Denouement – is the untying of the entangled knots, or the part
that shows a conflict or a problem is solved, leading
to its downwards movement or end
Resolution – contains the last statements about the story
 Qualities of the Plot
1.Exciting – it should be more exciting than the everyday
reality that surrounds us.
2.Good Structure – the episodes must be arranged
effectively, but the most important element of plot
structure is tying all the incidents together, so that one
leads naturally to another.
 Plot Devices
1. Flashback – something out of chronological order; to reveal
information, to understand a character’s nature
2. Foreshadowing – a device to give a sign of something to come its
purpose is to create suspense, to keep the readers guessing what will
happen when
3. Suspense – this is the feeling of excitement or tension in the reader’s
experience as the action of the plot unfolds
4. Surprise Ending – this is an ending that catches the reader off guard
with an unexpected turn of events
5. In Media Res – the technique of beginning a story in the middle of the
action, with background information given later in flashbacks
5. Point of View – it is the writer’s feeling and attitude toward
his subject; determines who tells the story; it identifies the
narrator of the story.

Classification

a. First Person – He/she could be a participant or a character in his own work;

the narrator may be the protagonist, an observer, a minor character, or the
writer him/herself.
b. Third Person – He/she narrates the based on what he observed.
c. Omniscient – the writer-narrator sees all; he can see into the minds of
characters and even report everyone’s innermost thoughts.
 Name Characteristics Pronouns
First Person Speaker part of the I, me, mine, we, us,
story, can observe our/s
characters, but reveals
things and reactions
only of self
Third Person Story told only as one He, him, his, she,
character can observe her/s, they, them,
theirs
Omniscient Narrator/author He, him, his, she,
knows all and sees all her/s, they, them,
theirs