Anaphora

GROUP 2 Irony
Metonymy
ANAPHORA

 Repetition of a word or expression at

the beginning of successive phrases,
clauses, sentences, or verses especially
for rhetorical or poetic effect
 It is related to epistrophe, which
is the repetition of words at the end
of successive clauses, phrases, or
sentences.

 The term “anaphora” comes from

the Greek for “to carry up or back”
Song of Songs 4:1-2
Look at you! You are beautiful, my darling.
Look at you! You are so beautiful.
Your eyes behind your veil are doves
Your hair is like a flock of goats
coming down from Mt. Gilead.
Your teeth are like a flock of sheep about to be
sheared,
who are coming up from being washed.
The apartment was on the top
floor—a small living-room, a small
dining-room, a small bedroom,
and a bath.
IRONY

 Expression of one's meaning by using

language that normally signifies the
opposite, typically for humorous or
emphatic effect. Irony can be categorized
into different types, including: verbal irony,
dramatic irony, and situational irony.
VERBAL IRONY

 Is a statement in which the meaning that a

speaker employs is sharply different from the
meaning that is ostensibly expressed. An ironic
statement usually involves the explicit expression
of one attitude or evaluation, but with
indications in the overall speech-situation that
the speaker intends a very different, and often
opposite, attitude or evaluation.
DRAMATIC IRONY

Irony occurs when the audience

knows something that the
characters don’t.
In the classic myth of Oedipus, Oedipus
leaves his family because it has been
foretold that he will kill his father and
marry his mother. Oedipus doesn’t know,
however, that he was adopted. He ends up
killing his biological father and marrying
his biological mother without realizing it.
 SITUATIONAL IRONY

 It occurs when incongruity appears between expectations

of something to happen, and what actually happens
instead. Thus, something entirely different happens from
what audience may be expecting, or the final outcome is
opposite to what the audience is expecting. Situational
irony generally includes sharp contrasts and
contradictions. The purpose of ironic situations is to allow
the readers to make a distinction between appearances
and realities, and eventually associate them to the theme
of a story.
The Harry Potter series is one of the most popular
novel series having employed situational irony.
Through seven novels, the audience believes that
Harry can kill Voldemort, the evil lord. However, the
audience is thrown off guard near the end of this
series when it becomes clear that Harry must allow
the evil lord to kill him, so that Voldemort’s soul
could become mortal once again. Hence, Harry allows
himself to be killed in order to defeat Voldemort,
which is exactly the opposite of the audience’s
expectations. By using situational irony, Rowling has
done a great job of adding a twist to the story to
further a complex conflict.
Metonymy

 A figure of speech consisting of the

use of the name of one thing for that of
another of which it is an attribute or
with which it is associated
The White House will be announcing the
decision around noon today.

The cup is quite tasty.

The restaurant has been acting quite

rude lately.
 Thank
you for
listening