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Child and

Adolescent
Development
PhysicalDevelopment
Motor Development
Brain Development
Language
Development
Exceptional
Physical Development
Height
Weight
Body Proportion
(ectomorph, mesomorph, endomorph)
Handedness
Vision
PhysicalDevelopment
Motor Development
Brain Development
Language
Development
Exceptional
Motor Development
 age-related changes in the
efficiency of voluntary physical
movements
Reflexes
 Rooting
 Sucking-swallowing-breathing
Gag
Moro
Crawling
Grasping
Walking
Stages of Motor Learning
 Cognitive Phase
 Associative Phase
 Autonomous Phase
Categories of Motor Skills

Fine Motor Skills


Reading, talking, writing, drawing,
sewing, cooking, etc

 Gross Motor Skills


Lifting, playing sports, etc
PhysicalDevelopment
Motor Development
Brain Development
Language
Development
Exceptional
Brain Development
 The best way to influence the brain
development is by contributing towards
an active interaction with your child.
 Provide ample opportunities to child to
help him develop his brain and flourish
accordingly.
Let children learn at their own pace.
PhysicalDevelopment
Motor Development
Brain Development
Language
Development
Exceptional
Language Acquisition
Theories
 Innatist Theory by Noam Chomsky
(Theory of Universal Grammar)

 Cognitivist Theory by Jean Piaget

 Social Contextual Theory by Lev


Vygotsky
Other theories include…

ImitationTheory
Reinforcement Theory
Active Construction of Grammar
Theory
PhysicalDevelopment
Motor Development
Brain Development
Language
Development
Exceptional
Atypical Development
Children exhibit behaviors that fall outside of
the normal, or expected, range of development:
 Some children show patterns of behaviors
that are unusual or markedly different from
their peers.
There is a world of difference between a skill
that is delayed and one that is disordered.
Exceptional Development
This commonly refer to learners with
exceptionalities as persons who are different
in some way from the “normal” or
“average”. The term “exceptional learners”
includes those with special needs related to
cognitive abilities, behaviour, social
functioning, physical and sensory impairments,
emotional disturbances, and giftedness.
Learning
Mental Disabilities
Retardation
Language
Problems

Attention
Deficit Exceptionalitie
Hyperactivity s
Disorder
Sensory
Impairments

Cerebral
Autism Palsy
Disability vs. Handicap
Disability
a disability is a measurable impairment or limitation that
“interferes with a person’s ability, for example to walk, lift, hear,
or learn.
It may refer to a physical, sensory, or mental condition.

Handicap
A disadvantage that occurs as a result of a disability or
impairment. The degree of disadvantage (or the extent of the
handicap) is often dependent on the adjustment made by both
the person and his environment.
Mental Retardation
 Refers to significant sub-average intelligence and deficits in
adaptive behaviour. There is difficulty in managing activities
of daily living and in conducting themselves appropriately in
social situations.
a. Mild Retardation – IQ scores 55 to 69, adult capacity 8-11 years old;
b. Moderate Retardation – IQ scores 40-54; adult capacity 5-7 years old;
c. Severe Retardation - IQ scores 25-39; adult capacity 3-5 years old;
d. Profound retardation – IQ scores below 25; adult capacity, less than 3
years old
Learning Difficulties
Involve difficulties in specific cognitive
processes like perception, language, memory,
or metacognition that are not due to other
disabilities like mental retardation, emotional
or behavioural disorders, or sensory
impairments.
Dyslexia
Dysgraphia
 Dyscalculia
Language Problems
 language delays or language disorders
 diagnosed when a child’s speech, verbal
expression, and/or understanding of language are
significantly less well developed for his age.

Aphasia: Wernicke’s, Broca’s, Global


Sensory Impairments
 Visual Impairment – conditions when there is
malfunction of the eyes or optic nerves that
prevent normal vision even with corrective
lenses.
 Hearing impairment – occurs when some part
of the hearing apparatus malfunction with
resulting hearing loss and possible impairment or
loss of the ability to speak.
Cerebral Palsy
 Refers
to various disorders of movement
and posture that are due to damage/
abnormality of the immature brain.
Autism
A condition manifested by different levels of
impaired social interaction and
communication, repetitive behaviours and
limited interests. Individuals with autism
usually have an intense need for routine
and a predictable environment.
ADD/ADHD
 Attention Deficit Disorder and Attention
Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder are
neurochemical disorders that interfere with
attention.
Children with ADHD may exhibit…
1. Restless as evidenced by fidgeting with hands or feet.
2. Leaving his seat when remaining seated is expected.
3. Running about or climbing when remaining seated.
4. Being “on the go” or often acting as if “driven by a motor”
5. Blurting out answers before questions are complete
6. Difficulty waiting for his turn
7. Interrupting on others conversations or activities
8. Not paying attention to details or making careless mistakes
9. Difficulty paying attention to what needs to be done
10. Seeming not to listen when spoken to directly
11. Not following through when given directions, failing to finish
activities.
Giftedness
Children who have special ability in
art or music, mechanical ingenuity,
or leadership qualities.
SUPERIOR – 120 to 125 IQ
GIFTED – 135 or 150 IQ and above
EXTREMELY GIFTED – 170 to 180 IQ and above
God bless
you.

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