Gerund and

infinitive
 What is a gerund...?????
 1.Gerund is the –ing form of a verb used
as a noun. To form gerunds, use the base
form + ing
Example : I enjoy learning English

 To form negative gerunds, use not +

gerund
Example : Not speaking English well
is my biggest problem in this country
 Gerund dapat digunakan
sebagai:
1. AS SUBJECT ( sebagai subject).
Example : writing well is not easy ( menulis bagus
tidak mudah)

2. AS OBJECT OF PREPOSITION (sebagai object dari

kata depan)
Example : they live by hunting (mereka hidup
dengan berburu)

3. AS OBJECT OF TRANSITIF VERB ( sebagai object

dari kata kerja transitif)
Example : he likes reading a story ( dia suka
membaca sebuah cerita)
4. AFTER ARTICLE : A : AN : THE
(setelah kata sandang a, an, the)
Example : I hear a knocking at the door (aku
mendengar ketukan di pintu)

5. AFTER DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVE :

THIS:THAT: THESE: THOSE
(setelah kata penunjuk kata sifat)
Example : this crying annoys me ( tangisan
ini menggangguku)
6. AFTER POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVE, MY: HIS:
HER : THEIR: OUR: YOUR: ITS ( setelah kata
kepunyaan kata sifat)
 Example : my father brings his working to home
(ayahku membawa pekerjaanya kerumah)

7. AFTER SOME VERB : REMEMBER, KEEP,

STOP, PREFER, AVOID, ( setelah beberapa kata kerja:
mengingat, menyimpan, berhenti, lebih suka)
 Example : I remember reading my article in the
magazine (aku teringat membaca artikel ku di majalah)
What is an infinitive?
 Infinitives is to + the simple form of a verb. To
form infinitives use to + base form of the verb

Example : I want to dance.

 To form negative infinitives use Not + infinitive

Example : He decided not to go to the party.

 Infinitive dapat dibagi
menjadi:
1. TO di hilangkan pada kata kerja apabila kata kerja
tersebut datang sesudah subject.
example : I learn English from Mr. Syauma, He sells his book
to his friend dll.

2. TO di hilangkan pada kata kerja apabila datang

langsung sesudah kata kerja bantu (auxiliary verb) yang 12
( am, is, are, can, have, has, shall, will, do, does, may, must)
example : I shall go to medan with her tomorrow

3. Kata kerja memakai TO apabila kata kerja tersebut

datang sesudah kata kerja sebelumnya
example : he comes to meet me to ask the lesson today
4. TO di hilangkan apabila kata tersebut datang sesudah
kata kerja tertentu

example: fika lets me go alone to study today

5. Semua pokok kalimat ( subject) yang terdiri dari kata

ganti diri ( personal pronon) he, she, it dan kata benda
bilangan satu (singular) maka dinamakan orang ketiga
tunggal ( thirt person) maka kata kerjanya yang langsung
dating sesudah pokok ini semuanya harus memakai “s”.

example : he drinks the drinking water

6. Menghilangkan huruf “S” pada kata kerja walaupun pokok
( subject) orang ketiga tunggal. Apabila kata kerja tersebut
dating setelah kata kerja Bantu DO. DOES, SHALL, WILL,
CAN, MAY , MUST.

example : it can play with its tail

7. Menghilangkan huruf “S” pada kata kerja walaupun pokok

orang ketiga tunggal apabila kata kerja dalam bentuk past
tense

example : she asked me to come to Surabaya

Penggunaan Gerund dan infinitive
Posisi
Subject of a sentence
Penjelasan
Keduanya dapat digunakan sebagai
subject of a sentence.
Contoh Kalimat
Gerund/Infinitive
Walking on the beach may be fun.
To walk on the beach may be fun.

Subject complement Keduanya dapat digunakan My goal is winning the prize.

Direct object (object of a verb)
Object of a preposition
sebagai subject complement.
Namun, gerund lebih umum My goal is to win the prize.
digunakan.
Keduanya dapat digunakan sebagai The man like climbing the
direct object, namun ada ketentuan mountain.
dalam menentukan The man like to climb the
penggunaannya. Beberapa verb mountain.
hanya dapat menggunakan gerund,
beberapa menggunakan infinitive,
dan beberapa yang lain
menggunakan keduanya. Penjelasan
lebih lengkap di bawah.
Gerund umum menjadi object of a The woman read a
preposition. Sedangkan pada book about cooking.
infinitive, hanya beberapa You have no other option but to
preposition, antara lain: except dan negotiate with you manager.
but yang kadang-kadang diikuti
infinitive.
Verb yang diikuti infinitive
Kondisi Verb Contoh Kalimat
Gerund/Infinitive

Diikuti infinitive tanpa tambahan agent agree, appear, begin, care, She forgot to come.
choose, continue, decide,
forget, happen, get, hate,
learn, hope, like, love, plan,
prefer, refuse, seem, start,
try, wait, etc

butuh tambahan agent advise, allow, choose, get, I told him to call you.
help, invite, teach, tell, etc

dapat ditambahkan agent ask, beg, expect, need, I need to know the correct
(optional) prepare, promise, want, etc answers.

I need you to know the

correct answers.

tanpa “to” feel, have, hear, help, She heard you pass the
watch, see, etc exam.
Verb yang diikuti gerund

Diikuti gerund tanpa tambahan agent acknowledge, advise, She enjoys dancing.
appreaciate, avoid,
begin, consider,
continue, deny, discuss,
dislike, enjoy, finish,
forget, hate, (cannot)
help, prefer, recommend,
regret, remember, start,
stop, teach, understand,
etc
butuh tambahan agent hear, watch, see, etc I saw you throwing the
food.
Diikuti tanpa perbedaan makna begin, continue, hate, I continue studying.
gerund/infinitive like, love, prefer, start, I continue to study.
etc
dengan perbedaan makna forget, remember, stop, She stopped eating
etc chocolate.
(Dia berhenti makan
coklat)
She stopped to eat
chocolate.
[Dia berhenti
(melakukan kegiatan
lain) untuk makan
coklat]