Compression

Members
COLUMN
• Vertical Structural members
• Transmits axial compressive loads with or without moment
• transmit loads from the floor & roof to the foundation
Column Types:
• Tied
• Spiral
• Composite
• Combination
• Steel pipe
Tied Columns - 95% of all columns in buildings are tied

• tie support long bars (reduce buckling)

• Holds the bars during placing of concrete
Spiral Columns

• spiral restrains lateral better

Nominal Capacity for Design
P0  0.85 f c * Ag  Ast   f y Ast
Ag = Gross Area = b*h
Ast = area of long steel
fc = concrete compressive strength
fy = steel yield strength

Pn max   rP0
r = Reduction factor to account for accidents/bending
r = 0.80 ( tied )
r = 0.85 ( spiral )
General Strength Requirement

 Pn  Pu
 = 0.65 for tied columns
 = 0.7 for spiral columns
NSCP Provisions
407.11 Lateral Reinforcement for Compression Members
407.11.4.2
Size of spiral reinforcements shall not be less than 10mm diameter

407.11.5.2
Vertical spacing of ties shall not exceed 16 x longitudinal bar diameters,
48 x tie bar or minimum dimension of compression member

407.11.5
For 32 mm below, use 10mm. For 36mm and bundled bars, use 12 mm.
NSCP Provisions
407.11 Lateral Reinforcement for Compression Members

407.11.4.3
Clear Spacing between spirals shall not exceed 75mm nor
less than 25mm

25 mm  clear spacing
between spirals  75 mm
NSCP Provisions
407.11.5.2
Vertical spacing of ties shall not exceed 16 x longitudinal bar
diameters, 48 x tie bar or minimum dimension of
compression member

s  16 db ( db for longitudinal bars )

s  48 db ( db for tie bar )
s  least lateral dimension of column
407.11.5.3
Ties shall be arranged such that every corner and alternate
longitudinal bar shall have lateral support provided by the
corner of a tie for compression member spaced greater than
150mm.
Design Limit:
410.10.1
Area of longitudinal reinforcement for non-composite
compression members shall not be less than 0.01 nor more
than 0.08 times gross area Ag of section.
Ast

Ag

0.01    0.08
410.10.2
Minimum number of longitudinal bars in compression
members shall be four for bars within rectangular or circular
ties and six for bars enclosed by spirals.
410.10.3
In addition, Ratio of spiral reinforcement
𝜌𝑠 shall not be less than the value:
A   f 
   c
s  0.45 *   1 *  
g

f 
 c   y
A
But:

Volume of Spiral 4 Asp

s  
Volume of Core Dc s
410.10.3
For a compression member with a cross section larger than required by
considerations of loading, it shall be permitted to base the minimum
reinforcement and design strength on a reduced effective area Ag not
less than one-half the total area.
Plastic Centroid
The location of the resultant load when the column is compressed uniformly
The reference point for eccentricity of loads
The plastic centroid (PC) is at the geometrical center for symmetrical column
section

 Pt x   Pi xi
Sample Problems:
1. A 400mm square tied RC column is to carry axial service loads of 1300
kN DL and 750 Kn LL.

• Determine the factored axial load

• Required 28mm diameter longitudinal bars
• Required spacing for lateral ties
• Assembly of ties
Sample Problems:
2. A 400mm diameter concrete column is to be reinforced with 8-25mm
diameter vertical bars and 10mm diameter spiral. If fc’=21 MPa, fy=415 MPa

• Calculate the nominal axial strength of the RC Column

• Design xial strength of the column
• The minimum spiral ratio required for the section
• Recommended pitch of the spiral reinforcement
Sample Problems:
3. A 300x500mm short RC column section is reinforced with 4-20mm
longitudinal bars and 10mm lateral ties. fc’=21 MPa, fy=275 MPa. Determine
the nominal axial strength.
Sample Problems:
4. A 300 x 400 mm RC column is reinforced with 3-32 and 2-28 mm vertical
reinforcement placed as shown. If fc’=21 Mpa and fy =415 Mpa, calculate:

The nominal axial strength of the section

The moment of the nominal axial strength with respect to a-a
Distance of the plastic centroid from a-a