ALLERGIC REACTIONS

➲ An allergic reaction is the body's way of responding

to an "invader." When the body senses a foreign
substance, called an antigen, the immune system is
triggered.
➲ Its overreaction to a harmless substance (an
allergen) is called a hypersensitivity reaction, or an
allergic reaction.

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ALLERGIES

 World Health Organization (WHO) estimates the world's

estimated there are 50 million people suffer from asthma.
 Tragically more than 180,000 people die each year because
of asthma.
 BBC in 1999 reported allergy sufferers in Europe there is a
tendency to increase rapidly.
 The incidence of allergy increased significantly in the last 20
years.
 Each time 30% of people develop allergies.
 More school-age children 40% had a symptom of allergies,
20% have asthma, 6 million people have dermatitis (skin
allergy).
 Hay Fever more than 9 million people

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ALLERGIC REACTION CAUSES

➲ INHALATION
 Pollen: the trees, grass, and / or weeds
 Mite
 Protein-protein animal: dander, skin, urine.
 Fungal spores
 The parts of insects: cockroaches

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ALLERGIC REACTION CAUSES

➲ INGESTION :
 Food: Milk, fish, shellfish, eggs, nuts, soybeans, and
wheat.
 Drugs (when drunk): Antibiotics and aspirin

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ALLERGIC REACTION CAUSES

➲ SKIN CONTACT :
 Latex
 Plants
 Dyes
 Chemicals
 Metals
 Cosmetics

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ALLERGIC REACTION CAUSES

➲ INJECTION :
 Insect poison
 Drugs
 The vaccines
 Hormones

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ALLERGIC REACTION SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS

 Skin: Irritation, redness, itching, swelling, blistering, weeping,

crusting, rash, eruptions, or hives (itchy bumps or welts)

 Lungs and Heart : Wheezing, tightness, cough, or shortness of

breath, chest pain, palpitation.

 Head: Swelling or bumps on the face and neck, eyelids, lips,

tongue, or throat, hoarseness of voice, headache.

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ALLERGIC REACTION SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS

 Nose: Stuffy nose, runny nose, sneezing

 Eyes: Red , itchy, swollen, or watery or swelling of the area around

the face and eyes

 Stomach: Pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or bloody diarrhea

 Other: Fainting, fatigue, sore throat.

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PREVENTION OF ALLERGIC REACTIONS

 Avoid Allergen.
 Find out the composition or content of any food or
medicine.
 Make it a habit to read labels listed outside the
packaging.
 Introduce new foods in small portions so you can find
allergy reaction

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PREVENTION OF ALLERGIC REACTIONS

 Always carry a card or a list of types of allergi

 Always take anti-allergy medications recommended by
your doctor.

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PREVENTION OF ALLERGIC REACTIONS

 Skin test
 Blood test
 Other test

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ALLERGIC REACTION MANAGEMENT

➲ Self-Care at Home

 Calm patients, anxiety can worsen allergic reactions.

 Identify the allergens and then move away
 If the patient fill itching, use cold compresses and apply
a hydrocortisone ointment.
 Give an antihistamine drug.

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ALLERGIC REACTION MANAGEMENT

➲ Self-Care at Home
 Check that patients have difficulty breathing or swallowing.
 Ask whether the patient took the drug allergies, and help give
to drink the medicine.
 Avoid oral medication if the person is hard to swallow.
 Bring immediately to the doctor to get an injection of
antihistamine.
 Do not put a pillow under head.
 Bring immediately to the hospital when the condition worse.

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 ALLERGIC REACTION MANAGEMENT

➲ When to Seek Medical Care

 Sudden, severe, or rapidly worsening symptoms.
 Exposure to an allergen that previously caused severe
or bad reactions.
 Swelling of the lips, tongue, or throat.
 Wheezing, chest tightness, loud breathing, trouble
breathing, or hoarseness of voice.
 Confusion, sweating, nausea, or vomiting.
 Widespread rash or severe hives.
 Lightheadedness, collapse, or unconsciousness.

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REFERENCE :

➲ Harper, Rodwell, Mayes, 1977, Review of Physiological Chemistry

➲ Colby, 1992, Ringkasan Biokimia Harper, Alih Bahasa: Adji

Dharma, Jakarta, EGC

➲ Wirahadikusumah, 1985, Metabolisme Energi, Karbohidrat dan

Lipid, Bandung, ITB

➲ Harjasasmita, 1996, Ikhtisar Biokimia Dasar B, Jakarta, FKUI

➲ Toha, 2001, Biokimia, Metabolisme Biomolekul, Bandung, Alfabeta

➲ Poedjiadi, Supriyanti, 2007, Dasr-Dasar Biokimia, Bandung, UI

Press

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First Aid Training Program