MEYCAUAYAN COLLEGE

City of Meycauayan, Bulacan 3020

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Peopling of the Philippines

Medieval Group:
• ASIDO, MARISSA
• BUGAYONG, CRISTINA
• DELA CRUZ, RICA
• MAYUGBA, JERIC
• NAVARRO, MAUREEN JOY
Peopling of the Philippines
I.ABSTRACT
• This research aims to know the origin of Early
Filipinos and to explain the migration patterns
on the Early Philippine History. It also wants to
determine the ethnicity of Early Filipinos and its
relevance on the current Population of the
Philippines.
 II. INTRODUCTION

• The way the islands of the Philippines became a

controversial place. As soon as they reached the "dust
of the islands" on the western side of the Pacific
Ocean, the Spaniards tried to explain the existence of
the different types of people they called Negrillos (now
known as Negritos), Indios (in - Negritos pagans) and
Moro (Muslim) (Colin 1903-09). In the 19th century a
new classification of people came out. These include
Negritos, Proto-Malays (or Indonesians) and Deutero-
Malays (or Malays), for whom J. Montano (1886) and
F. Blumentritt (1882) belong to major defenders. It is
noteworthy, in his Malay Archipelago's work, Wallace
(1890) only referred Malay and Negrito citizens.
• The first agreement was initially incorporating the notion
of migration waves in succession in the Philippines. In
1897, R. Virchow (1899) made the first critical analysis
of the existing peopling data of the Philippines and
explored new methods in physical anthropology using
skeletal data analysis. Two years later, in 1899, Wilhelm
Schmidt first referred the family of languages ​spoken
from Taiwan to New Zealand and Madagascar to the
Eastern Islands as "Austronesian" - a term that marked
the beginning of a new era of research and has been
used so far. In fact, in the rapid development of sciences
such as archeology, anthropology, linguistics, biology
and genetics, many new theories have emerged in the
20th century. Most of them deal with the issue of
Austronesian speakers because little is known about the
first layer of population that occupied the Philippines
during the Pleistocene period.
•
 III. Author/ Proponent’s Background
PRIMARY SOURCE
Henry Otley Beyer’s
Theory of Wave Migration

Henry Otley Beyer

(July 13, 1883 – December 31, 1966)

 an American anthropologist, who spent most of his adult life in

the Philippines teaching Philippine indigenous culture. He is
known as the ”Father of Philippine Anthropology”.

 Founding member of the Anthropology department at the University

of the Philippines in 1914. Department head from 1925 until
retirement in 1954. Known as the Father of Philippine Anthropology
SECONDARY SOURCE
Peter Bellwood’s
Theory of Austronesian migration

Peter Stafford Bellwood

(born Leicester, England, 1943)

- is Emeritus Professor of Archaeology at the School of Archaeology

and Anthropology of the Australian National University (ANU)
in Canberra.[1] He received his PhD from King's College in Cambridge in
1980. His areas of specialization include the prehistory of Southeast Asia and
the Pacific from archaeological, linguistic and biological perspectives; origins
of agriculture and resulting cultural, linguistic and biological developments
(worldwide); interdisciplinary connections between
archaeology, linguistics and human biology. He is currently involved in
archaeological fieldwork projects in the Philippines and Vietnam.
What is peopling?

Peopling–
• According to findwords.com, peopling means “To
stock with people or inhabitants; to fill as with
people; to populate.”
• A body of persons that are united by a common
culture, tradition or sense of kinship, that are
typically have common language, institutions, and
beliefs, and that often constitute a politically
organized group(Merriam-Webster Dictionary
©2011)
What and where are the Philippines?

 The Philippines officially the Republic of

the Philippines (Filipino: Republika ng
Pilipinas),[a] is
a unitary sovereign and archipelagic
country in Southeast Asia. Situated in the
western Pacific Ocean.
Coordinates:14°35′N 120°58′E GMT+8
Philippines
Trivias about the Philippines:
• The current population of the Philippines is 106,881,540 as of
Thursday, September 27, 2018, based on the latest United Nations
estimates.
• The Philippines population is equivalent to 1.4% of the

• The Philippines ranks number 13 in the list of most populated

countries.

• The population density in the Philippines is 357 per Km2 (925 people
per mi2).
• The total land area is 298,170 Km2 (115,124 sq. miles)

• 44.4 % of the population is urban (47,278,672 people in 2018)

• Source:http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/philippines-
population/
• Research Question:
•
• What is the Origin of the Inhabitance in the
Philippines and the beginning of the Filipino
Population?
First Theory/ Primary Source:
The Wave Migration Theory by
Henry Otley Beyer
According to Dr. Beyer, the ancestors
of the Filipinos came in different
"waves of migration", as follows.
• "Dawn Man", a cave-man type who was similar
to Java man, Peking man, and other Asian Homo
erectus of 250,000 years ago.
• The aboriginal pygmy group, the Negritos, who
arrived between 25,000 and 30,000 years ago
via land bridges.
• The seafaring tool-using Indonesian group who
arrived about 5,000 to 6,000 years ago and were
the first immigrants to reach the Philippines by
sea.
• The seafaring, more civilized Malays who brought
the Iron Age culture and were the real colonizers
and dominant cultural group in the pre-Hispanic
1.Dawn Men
• 1. The first migrants were what Beyer caked the
“Dawn men” (or “cavemen” because they lived in
caves.). The Dawn men resembled Java
man, Peking man, and other Asian Home
sapiens that existed about 250,000 years ago.
They did not have any knowledge of agriculture,
and lived by hunting and fishing. It was precisely
in search of food that they
Tabon Man
2. Negrito
• 2. The second group of migrants was composed
of dark-skinned pygmies called “Aetas’ or
“Negritoes”. About 30,000 years ago, they
crossed the land bridged from Malaya, Borneo,
and Australia until they reached Palawan,
Mindoro and Mindanao. They were pygmies who
went around practically naked and were good at
hunting, fishing and food gathering. They used
spears and small flint stones weapons.
Negrito
3.Indones
• The Indonesians, who came to the islands in
boats. They were more advanced than the Aetas
in that: they had tools made out of stone and
steel, which enabled them to build sturdier
houses: they engaged in farming and mining,
and used materials made of brass; they wore
clothing and other body ornaments.
Indones
4.Malay
Last to migrate to the Philippines, according to
Beyer, were Malays. They were believed to have
come from Java, Sumatra, Borneo, and the Malay
Peninsula more than 2,000 years ago. Like the
Indonesians, they also traveled in boats.
The Malays were brown-skinned and of medium
height, with straight black hair and flat noses. Their
technology was said to be more advanced than that
of their predecessors. They engaged in pottery,
weaving, jewelry making and metal smelting, and
introduced the irrigation system in rice planting.
Malay
• Evidences of Wave Migration Theory
• Artifacts and remains of;
• Tabon Man refers to remains discovered in the Tabon
Caves in Lipuun Point in Quezon, Palawan in the
Philippines. These were discovered by Robert B. Fox, an
American anthropologist of the National Museum of the
Philippines, on May 28, 1962. These remains, the fossilized
fragments of a skull and jawbone of three individuals, were
believed to be the earliest human remains known in the
Philippines
•
• Callao man - fossilized remains discovered in Callao
Cave, Peñablanca, Cagayan, Philippines in 2007 by
Armand Salvador Mijares. Specifically, the find consisted
of a single 61-millimeter metatarsal which, when dated
using uranium series ablation, was found to be about
67,000 years old.
Remains of Tabon Man and Callao Man
Second Theory/ Secondary
Source:
The Austronesian Migration
Theory by Peter Bellwood
Austronesian
• Austronesian-in historical terms, refers to the
homeland of the peoples who speak Austronesian
languages, including Malay (Malaysian-
Indonesian), Filipino, the Visayan
languages, Ilocano, Javanese, Malagasy,
the Polynesian languages, Fijian, Taiwan's Formosan
languages, Tetum and around ten-thousand other
languages.
• The Austronesian homeland is thought by linguists to
have been prehistoric Taiwan
• The name Austronesia comes from
the Latin austrālis "southern" plus
the Greek νήσος (nêsos) "island".
Austronesia
The “Out of Taiwan Theory”

• One of the most prevalent theories states that the

Austronesian speakers moved south from Taiwan and
through the Philippines and Indonesia. Later, they
crossed the Indian and Pacific Oceans into Madagascar
and Hawaii. This is called the “Out-of-Taiwan” model. In
this theory, Bellwood argues that the movement of
people from Taiwan had a significant impact on culture,
language, and people as the language spread. He also
states that individual islands from Southeast Asia did not
develop agriculture within their boundaries. However,
the dispersal of agriculture coincides with the migration
of the Austronesian form Taiwan 5000 years ago.
• Timeline of Out of Taiwan Theory
• 4500BC-4000BC -From China's
territories, the Austronesians moved to
Taiwan.
• 2500BC-1000BC - From Taiwan to the
south (Philippines).
• 1500BC-500BC -Austronesians has landed
Southeast Asia and settled in Vietnam and
the Malaysian Peninsula even in
Madagascar, Easter Island and Hawaii.
• Evidences of Austronesian Migration
Theory:
• -The theory largely explains the similarities in
culture, language in Southeast Asian and other
countries and territories in Asia-Pacific.
• Tagalog,Visayan,Ilocano(Philippines)
• BehasaMelayu(Malaysia)
• Bahasa Indonesia(Indonesia)
• Malagasy (Madagascar) and etc.
Comparison
2. -Observable culture of tattoing,
pre-historic styles or art and Social
Characters
3.Physical Attributes (Brown Race)
4. Artifacts.
Philippine Ethnic Makeup:

• Tagalog 28.1%,
• Cebuano 13.1%,
• Ilocano 9%,
• Bisaya/Binisaya 7.6%,
• Hiligaynon Ilonggo 7.5%,
• Bikol 6%,
• Waray 3.4%
• Other groups
Household Population by Ethnicity and
Sex: Bulacan
Ethnicity Both Sexes

Tagalog 2,015,822

Bisaya/Binisaya 49,431

Bikol/Bicol 43,605

Ilocano 24,159
DATA GATHERING RESULTS.
• We gather information's from the internet, video from
the Knowledge Channel about the Peopling of the
Philippines and conducted interview. The response of
the Respondents in the question that if they believe
that Filipino race result from migration of early
people,Majority of them agreed, because they learned
it from Elementary and High School History Class.On
the question concerning their views on the Filipino
race, they believe that Filipinos are brown-skinned,
not too tall and have. Resilient,hard-working
,hospitable and unique attitude.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THIS STUDY.

• This study presents the Origin of the

Filipino race, ethnicity and our racial
heritage as a Filipino citizen. It aims to
present our heritage and identity as a
Filipino regardless of many ethnic groups
in our country with different languages in
our archipelago.
Comparison of Two Sources or
Theories.
• The first theory by Henry Otley Beyer presents the Wave
Migration Theory, which explains our Origin by the
arrival of the Negritos, Indones and Malay, which are the
forefathers of present ethnic groups such as the Tagalog,
Ilocano, Igorot, Visayan and etc and the evidence of the
remains of Tabon and Callao man. While the
Austronesian Migration theory by Peter Bellwood
explains a perspective of relating our culture language
and heritage to other Asian and Pacific countries, due to
his ‘ Out of Taiwan Theory’. On this two, we can reflect
that our country’s culture and heritage is rich, before the
colonizers came, and we can be proud that we’re
Filipinos.
Sources
• Bibliography:
•
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabon_Man
• Eder, James F. (1987). On the Road to Tribal Extinction: Depopulation, Deculturation, and Adaptive Well-Being among the
Batak of the Philippines. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
• Fox, Robert B. (1953). The Pinatubo Negritos: Their Useful Plants and Material Culture. Manila: Bureau of Printing.
• Garvan, John M. (1964). The Negritos of the Philippines, edited by Hermann Hochegger. Vienna: Verlag Ferdinand Berger
Horn.
• Omoto, Keiichi (1985). "The Negritos: Genetic Origins and Microevolution." In Out of Asia: Peopling the Americas and the
Pacific, edited by Robert Kirk and Emoke Szathmary, 123-131. Canberra: Journal of Pacific History
• Read more: https://www.everyculture.com/East-Southeast-Asia/Philippine-Negritos.html#ixzz5T6OGJveu
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Models_of_migration_to_the_Philippines
• http://www.philippine-history.org/early-filipinos.htm
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austronesia
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austronesian_hypothesis
• https://prezi.com/vkzq-ksxrwuq/astronesyano-sa-pananaw-ni-peter-bellwood/
• https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=ethnic+groupos+in+bulacan&rlz=1C1CHBD_enPH763PH763&oq=ethnic+groupos+in+
bulacan&aqs=chrome..69i57.9495j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8
•
•
Thank You For
Listening