Srijan Agarwal

(001511201007)
HARSHIT RAJ
(001511201118)
 INTRODUCTION………………………………………… . .3
 HEAT TREATMENT ………………………………………4-9
 EXPERIMENTAL WORK…………………………………10-15
 CONCLUSION………………………………………………16
 REFERENCES………………………………………………17
 The aim of heat treatment is to achieve one or more of the
following objects:
 1. To increase the hardness of metals.
 2. To relieve the internal stresses set up in the material after hot
or cold working.
 3. To soften the metal.
 4. To improve machinability
• Annealing
• Normalizing
• Hardening
• Tempering
• Case Hardening
• Surface Hardening
 It
is a process of heating steel 40 oC to 50
oC above the lower critical temperature
 Steel is heated to a temperature above the
lower critical temperature.
 In this process, the heated steel is suddenly
dipped into a cooling medium bath.
 Cooling medium : oil, cold water, brine
solution (cold water + 5 to 10 % salt)
 Salt : sodium chloride, calcium chloride etc
 Medium carbon low alloy steel procured from the market.
 Microprocessor controlled electric muffle furnace at a working
temperature of 930° C has been used to heat the material and
allowed to dwell inside the furnace at that temperature for ½
hr.
 The hot specimen has been dipped immediately in
plain water, cutting grade oil and polymer water mixed
maintained at room temperature
SPECIMEN HARDNESS
10% PEG 60
20% PEG 61
30% PEG 52
40% PEG 61
50% PEG 61
WATER 62
 ‘Ducom’(India) made multi-tribotester “TR-25” has
been used for tribological characterizations
SPECIMEN W1 W2

10% PEG 24.099 24.098

20% PEG 24.029 24.028

40% PEG 23.940 23.938

50% PEG 23.897 23.890

CUTTING OIL 24.188 24.187

WATER 23.940 23.936

 ‘Winducom-2006’

Multi-tribotester “TR-25
FRICTIONAL FORCE

COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION
WEAR

Maroon-50%, Black-20%, Green-10% and Blue-40%.

 The hardness of all specimens was approximately the same .
 Some material was removed during the study.
 For the graph of coefficient of friction vs. time for the 4 specimens, no general conclusion can
be derived.
 As we go on decreasing the concentration of PEG, the wear increases.
 Also, 30% solution was giving recurring and unusual data.
 The graph of 50%PEG is uniform from 0 to 700 seconds and then at 970 seconds, the graph
attains is maximum value of wear.
 For 20% PEG, the graph is not uniform and keeps on varying.
 For 10% PEG, it gives the highest value of wear out of all the four variants. Graph is uniform
also.
 For 40% PEG, it gives the second highest value of wear after 10% PEG. Its graph is also
uniform and does not vary with time which can be called uniform with respect to other graphs
plotted.
 Verhoeven, J.D. (2005). Metallurgy of Steel for Bladesmiths & Others who
Heat Treat and Forge Steel. Iowa State University. Retrieved from
archive.org https://tinyurl.com/glz264k.
 Türedi, E. (2015). The Effect of Heat Treatment on Tribological Behavior
of AISI 52100 Steels under Dry Sliding Condition. In 4th International
Conference of Engineering against Failure (ICEAF IV), 24-26 June 2015
(pp. 98-104). Skiathos, Greece: LTSM (University of Patras).
 H. Czichos, Systematics of tribological testing (in German). In W. Bunk, J.
Hansen and M. Geyer (eds.), ~bolo~e, Vol. 9, Springer, Berlin, 1984, pp. 9 -
94.
 H. D. Buckley, Importance and definition of materials in tribology, In
Tribology in the 8Os, in NASA ‘Conf. Pub& 2300, 1964, pp. 19 - 44
(National Aeronautics and Space A~ini~ration, Washington, DC).