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N. ANKI REDDY(109X1A0382)
S. K. ANAND (119X5A0311)
P. SURYA NARAYANA RAJU (119X5A0317)
K. MAHESH (119X5A0322)
Under the Guidance of
Sri G. SURESH KUMAR
Associate Professor
ABSTRACT
RanqueHilsch Vortex Tube (VT) is a mechanical device
that separates the flow of pressurized air/gas into two
streams simultaneously, one hotter stream and one colder
stream than the inlet flow.
The objective of the present work is to study the effect of
various parameters such as Inlet pressure, Orifice
diameter , Length of hot tube, Internal tube diameter and
Nozzle diameter on the performance of the vortex tube
using Response Surface Methodology and to optimize the
parameters which gives the better cooling effect.
INTRODUCTION
Also known as the RanqueHilsch vortex tube, named
after its inventors, George Ranque and Rudolph Hilsch.
A mechanical device that separates a compressed gas
into hot and cold streams. It has no moving parts.
Mainly used for spot cooling applications.
COMPONENTS OF VORTEX
TUBE
1. Nozzle
2. Orifice
3. Control valve
4. Vortex chamber
5. Hot end tube
6. Cold end tube
WORKING PRINCIPLE
Compressed air supplied to the vortex tube, passes
through nozzle tangentially setting the air in a vortex
motion.
A Conical valve at hot end of the tube allows some of
the warm air to escape and the rest towards the cold end
as second inner vortex.
Inner vortex loses heat to the outer vortex and
exhausts through the orifice at the other end as cold air.
TYPES OF VORTEX TUBE
1.UniFlow vortex tube
When the cold exhaust is placed at the same side
of the hot exhaust, it is called as uniflow.
In this type of flow, hot air and cold air flows in
the same direction.
2. CounterFlow Vortex Tube:
When the cold exhaust is placed on the other side
from the hot exhaust, it is called as counter
flow.
In this type of flow, hot air and cold air flows in
the opposite direction.
3.Conical vortex tube
The conical vortex tube was investigated by Poshernev for
chemical applications in 2003.
He suggested that the divergence angle should be in the
range 1.7o 5.1o.
ADVANTAGES OF VORTEX
TUBE
No leakage problem
Simple in design
No moving parts
Light in weight
Low floor space required
Low initial cost
No expertise attendance required
DISADVANTAGES OF VORTEX
TUBE
The main disadvantage is due to very poor coefficient
of performance (C.O.P) and hence not suitable for
large capacity refrigeration unit.
Limited capacity of the plant.
APPLICATIONS
The use of vortex tube for small capacity applications is
always justified if the compressed air is readily available.
Vortex tubes have a wide variety of uses. They can provide
streams of cold air to cool machining operations and plastic
injection molding.
The cold air can spot cool operations on assembly lines.
Vortex Tube Cooling The Area While Cutting
Continues
Vortex tube is used to cool beverages using the
pneumatic brakes on heavy vehicles.
Vortex tube is also used in the separation of CO2
from dilute CO2 gas mixtures
OTHER APPLICATIONS
Foundries, Steel Mills, Power Plants
Casting Shops, Boiler Rooms, Glass Plants
Forging Shops, Sand Blasting
Powder Coating, Asbestos Abatement Smelters
Paint Baking Operations , Refrigerated Lockers
Hazardous Waste Removal
Cont…
Welding Operations
Mines
Cooling heat seals ,Cooling environmental chambers
Cooling CCTV cameras
Setting hot melts
Cooling soldered parts
Cooling gas samples
RESPONSE SURFACE
METHODOLOGY
RSM is the collection of mathematical and statistical
techniques for empirical model building.
Originally developed to model experimental responses (Box
and Draper, 1987), and then migrated into the modelling of
numerical experiments.
Application of RSM to design optimization is aimed at
reducing the cost of expensive analysis methods (e.g. finite
element method or CFD analysis) and their associated
numerical noise.
Cont…
Response can be represented graphically, either in the
threedimensional space or as contour plots that help
visualize the shape of the response surface.
The first step in RSM is to find a suitable approximation
to the true relationship. The most common forms are
loworder polynomials (first or secondorder).
The second step is the design of plan of experiments.
Central Composite Design
Central composite Designs are two level full factorial
(2k) or fractional factorial (2kf) designs augmented by
a number of center points and other chosen runs.
These designs are such that they allow the estimation
of all the regression parameters required to fit a
second order model to a given response.
BoxBehnken Design
Highly Fractional Factorial Designs was introduced by
Plackett and Burman.
PlackettBurman designs are used to estimate main effects in
the case of two level fractional factorial experiments using
very few runs.
[G.E.P.Box and D.W.Behnken (1960)] introduced similar
designs for three level factors that are widely used in response
surface methods to fit secondorder models to the response.
The designs are referred to as BoxBehnken designs.
Cont…
The designs were developed by the combination of
two level factorial designs with incomplete block
designs.
The use of the Box–Behnken design is popular in
industrial research because it is an economical
design and requires only three levels for each factor
where the settings are −1, 0 and 1.
The advantages of BoxBehnken designs include the
fact that they are all spherical designs and require
factors to be run at only three levels.
EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
The line diagram of the experimental set up is shown below
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