Chapter 1: The Internet & World Wide Web

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MULTIMEDIA UNIVERSITY
Learning Objectives

✓ Define Internet and its standards and protocols.

✓ Discuss e-mail, search engine and instant messaging.
✓ Describe Internet services: FTP and the Web.
✓ Differentiate between plug-ins and helpers applications.
✓ Discuss HTML Development tools: text editors, HTML
editors, web authoring environments, multimedia
creation tools and web design tools.

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What is Internet?
• A global network of computers.
• Physical networking infrastructure that connects all
networked computers worldwide.
• Consists of routers, servers and other hardware.
• The purpose is for exchanging and sharing information.

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History of Internet
• In the late 1960s, APRA (Advanced Research Projects
Agency) implement ARPANET, which eventually evolved
into today’s Internet.

• Rather than enabling researchers to share each other’s

computers, it rapidly became clear that communicating
quickly and easily via electronic mail was the key benefit
of the ARPANET.

• This is true even today on the Internet, which facilitates

communications of all kinds among the world’s Internet
users.

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History of Internet

• Early 1960s
• Early 1970s
• 1980
• Late 1980s
• By 1989
• By 1995
• 1999

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Development of Internet in Malaysia
Year Event

1988 Establishment of RANGKOM network

1991 JARING network was introduced – 1st Internet

Service Provider (ISP)

1997 Telekom Malaysia Berhad – 2nd ISP

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Internet standards
• The internet is an independent and open architecture.
• There are certain organizations responsible for
implementing standards and policy which allow devices,
services, and applications to be interoperable.

World Wide Web

Internet Society (ISOC) Consortium (W3C)

The Internet Society is an The W3C is an international

independent international
nonprofit organization founded
in 1992 to provide leadership in
Internet related standards,
education, and policy around
the world.
consortium to lead the World
Wide Web to its full potential
by developing protocols and
guidelines that ensure long-
term growth for the Web.

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Packet switching
• Messages are broken up into small packets before they
are sent.
• Packets contain address, error-control and sequencing
information.
• Packets are individually transmitted through computer
network by the best route available.
• Carry information in the header so that all packets can
be reassembled in a correct order to form the original
data.

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Common Internet Protocols
• Protocols are a special method of communication
between computers used when transferring data.

POP

FTP

SMTP
HTTP
TCP/IP

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TCP/IP Protocol
• Protocols control how messages are broken down into
small parts called packets, sent, and reassembled.
• The standard protocols for communicating over the
Internet – transmission control protocol/Internet protocol
(TCP/IP).

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What is World Wide Web?
• The World Wide Web allows
computer users to execute web-
based applications and view
multimedia-based documents over
the Internet.
• Information is stored in documents
called web pages that are linked
to one another via hyperlinks.
• Hyperlinks contain the location or
URL address of a different
document.

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HTML and HTTP
• Tim Berners-Lee invented
HyperText Markup Language
(HTML).
• HyperText Markup Language
(HTML) is the markup language
for the documents files that are
used to display Web pages.
• Hypertext is a system allows
you to go from one document to
another by clicking the text.
• Hypertext Transfer Protocol
(HTTP) is the communication
rules that allow browsers to
connect with web servers.

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HTTPS
• URLs of websites that handle private information,
such as credit card numbers, often begin with https://,
the abbreviation of HyperText Transfer Protocol
Secure (HTTPS).

• HTTPS is the standard for transferring encrypted

data on the web.

• It combines HTTP with the Secure Sockets Layer

(SSL) and the more recent Transport Layer Security
(TLS) cryptographic schemes for securing
communications and identification information over
the Web.

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Web site, Web server and Webmaster
• Web site – a collection of related web pages
containing images, videos or other digital assets.
• Homepage (Index page) – opening page of Web
site.
• Web server – a computer that delivers requested
Web pages.
• Webmaster – person who designs, creates, monitors,
and evaluates corporate Web sites.

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Internet Addresses
• To send and receive e-mail on the Internet.
• To interact with other networks.
• Every network and computer user must have a unique
address.
• Uses an addressing method known as the domain name
system (DNS).
• To assign names and numbers to people and
computers.
• DNS name – made of a domain and one or more
subdomains.
• Numerical – IP Addresses. E.g.: 128.16.4.23
• Uniform Resource Locator (URL) – the unique address
of the web page displayed in the browser window.

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Continued…
• Example of a URL
http://www.deitel.com/books/downloads.html

• http:// - Protocol
• www.deitel.com/ - Domain name (web server
name)
• books/ - Directory name, or path
• downloads.html – File (document) name and
extension

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Parts of an Internet address
• rafi.eshaq@mmu.edu.my
• rafi.eshaq – user name
• @mmu.edu.my – domain name
• @mmu – host computer
• edu.my – top-level domain

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Domain name
http://www.mynic.net.my/
• Malaysian Network Information Centre (MYNIC) was a
division of MIMOS Berhad, that administers the name
space for the .my top level domain (TLD).

http://www.icann.org/
• The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and
Numbers (ICANN) oversee the distribution of unique
technical identifiers used in the Internet's operations, and
delegation of Top-Level Domain names (such as .com,
.info, etc.).

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Web browser

Microsoft Edge, Internet Explorer

Google Chrome

Mozilla Firefox

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Web Browser Statistics
http://www.w3schools.com/browsers/browsers_stats.asp

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Client-Server Model

Client is requesting a resource from a Web server.

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Client-Server Model

Client is receiving a response from the Web server.

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Continued…
• How to find Information on the WWW?

• Knowing the URL of the site.

• Browsing

• Search Engine

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Search Engine
• According to StatCounter, these are the top three most
popular search engine from June 2016 to May 2017.

92.06%

2.92%

2.07%

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Meta search & People search engine
• Meta search engine, which is a search engine that
queries other search engines and then combines the
results.
• Think of it as several search engines piled into one.

• Search people and phone number

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Email
• Simple Mail Transport Protocol (SMTP) – controls the
mail delivery within the Internet.
• Post Office Protocol (POP) – communication protocol
used to retrieve e-mail from a mail server.

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E-mail
• A mode of communication via computer to send and receive messages
instantly from one network to another.
• An E-mail system consists of two programs :-
• User agents
• Mail delivery system
• E-mail address – used to send and receive messages.
• A mail box – Storage location resides in the computer where electronic
mail messages are delivered.
• Mail server – the server that contains mailboxes.

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FTP - File Transfer Protocol
• A method whereby you can connect to a remote computer called an
FTP site and transfer files to your own microcomputer’s hard disk.
• FTP server – computer that allows user to upload and download
files using FTP.
• FTP site – a collection of files that reside on a FTP server.
• Host computer – remote computer – accessible via Internet.
• Client computer – computer which access remote computer via
Internet.
• Download – transfer of files from the host computer to the client
computer.
• Upload – transfer of files from client computer to the host computer.

Filezilla 28
Continued…

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Instant Messaging

• Allows one or more people to communicate via

direct, “live” communication.
• Video chat, sharing files

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Plug-ins
• When you are using a browser, you may sometimes encounter files
on the Web that cannot be displayed – such as video files, audio
files, non-Web format graphics files, and others.
• To display or play these files, you need to install the proper plug-ins.
Plug-in Applications
• Plug-ins are external software applications that work with or inside of
Web browsers to provide functionality that is beyond the browser's
built-in capabilities.
• Plug-ins are normally free applications that can be downloaded by
users who want to enhance their browser.
• Popular plug-ins: Adobe Reader, Flash Player, QuickTime Player,
Shockwave Player.

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HTML Development Tools
• HTML development tools fall into four categories. They
are:

• Text editors
• HTML editors
• Web authoring environments

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Text editors
• Text editors are very easy to use but leave all the hard
work to the coder. However, they are a ubiquitous
component of any operating system and are therefore
always available at no additional software costs.
• Furthermore, text editors provide coders with access to
fine-tuning control, which would sometimes not be
available with more sophisticated Web coding tools.
• On the other hand, text editors do offer very basic editing
facilities such as cut, copy paste, find and replace and
sometimes a few other features.
• Examples of familiar editor include the EMACS editor
that runs on the Unix, Macintosh and Windows operating
systems, and the NotePad editor that runs on Microsoft
Windows.

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HTML editors
• HTML editors provide a step up from text editors in both
functionality and user interface.
• They provide HTML coders with rapid text entry facilities
through a number of features.
• Features generally include a graphic user interface (GUI)
for tag selection, to tag templates to speed up the
coding.

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Continued…
• HTML editors are ideally suited to coders of smaller
websites, who have a fairly good knowledge of HTML
code and want to speed up development.
• HTML editors would also include facilities such as syntax
checkers – used for checking the syntax of code.
• HTML editors would also include spell checkers and
colour coding to distinguish different categories of tags
and attributes, none of which would be provided with
simple text editors.

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Web Authoring Environments
• These are sometimes called WYSIWYG tools for they
provide a ‘What You See Is What You Get’ interface for
website development.
• Popular examples are Adobe Dreamweaver, Microsoft
Visual Web Developer and Microsoft ExpressionWeb.
• Many of these tools run on a PC and Macintosh.
• The main advantage of using this type of tool is that the
tool generates the code, circumventing the need for
writing HTML.

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Multimedia Creation tools
• The term multimedia, as the name suggests, refers to
multiple communication media methods that include text,
graphics, animation, video, sound and music.
• A wide range of tools is available for developing and
editing multimedia graphics for websites. Some of these
include the following:
• Adobe Photoshop is often seen as the standard for
editing and compositing bit-mapped Web graphics.
• Photoshop takes time to master but delivers many
features not present in other tools.

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Continued…
• PaintShop Pro: A popular choice for many Web
developers.
• Ulead PhotoImpact: A low-cost tool well suited to Web-
based graphics.
• Adobe Flash: A multimedia authoring tool to provide
animation of texts, drawings and still images.

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Web Design Tools
• Tools broadly fall into the following categories:
• HTML Editors – tools that speed up the writing of HTML to
create Web pages (e.g. BBEdit) Notepad
• Web Authoring programs – Web page creation tools that
display a visual WYSIWYG environment (e.g.
Dreamweaver)
• NVU, Dreamweaver, FrontPage
• Multimedia and Graphic creation tools that enable the
creation of graphic and multimedia files for use in Web
pages
• Photoshop, PaintShop Pro

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Netiquette

• “Network etiquette”
• Guides to appropriate online behavior
• Netiquette has two basic rules:
• Don’t waste people’s time,
• Don’t say anything to a person online that you
wouldn’t say to his / her face.

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