Network Topologies

hat is TopologY?
 from the Greek τόπος (topos)
which means place, and λόγος
(logus) which means study
 is concerned with the properties of space
that are preserved
under continuous deformations, such as
stretching, crumpling and bending, but not
tearing or gluing
ETWORK TopologY?
The arrangement of a
network, including its
nodes and connecting
lines.
 1. Bus topology NETWORK TopologIE

TERMINATOR
NODES NODES NODES
NODES NODES
SINGLE CABLE TERMINATOR

• All devices share single communication line or cable.

• Checks all devices if the device is a receiver. Otherwise, it visits the next
devices.
• If the cable fails, all connections fail also.
• Failure of device /node does not affect the other devices.
2. Star topology NETWORK TopologIE
• All hosts in Star topology are connected to a central device,
known as hub device, using a point-to-point connection

• Point-to-point HOST
HOST
connection
HOST
between hosts
and hub.
HUB
• Hub can be a
hub, switch, HOST
gateway, router HOST
or bridge. HOST
3. Ring topology NETWORK TopologIE
HOST

• Each host machine connects to exactly two other machines,

creating a circular network connection.

• Data travels around the ring in one direction through all intermediate hosts.

• Failure of any host results in failure of the whole ring.

4. Tree topology NETWORK TopologIE
4. Tree network topology NETWORK TopologIE
5. Mesh topology NETWORK TopologIE
 What Kind of Ethernet (Cat5, Cat5e, Cat6,
Cat6a) Cable Should I Use?

Cat – short for category

What are the differences between the

categories and how can you know
when to use unshielded, shielded,
stranded, or solid cable?
Technical differences
Physical differences

Number of
Twists
Physical differences

Sheath
Thickness
 Shielded (STP) vs. Unshielded (UTP)

Unshielded -used for

cables between your
computer and the
wall

Shielded - for areas

with high interference
and running cables
outdoors or inside
walls
Unshielded
Twisted Pair

Shielded
Twisted Pair

S/UTP –
Screened
UTP

S/STP –
Screened
STP
Solid vs. Stranded
Stranded – more
flexible, used at
your desk or
anywhere you may
be moving the
cable around often

Solid – not as
flexible, but more
durable which makes
it ideal for
permanent
installations as well
as outdoor and in
walls
Straight-Through cable - is also referred to as
a “patch cable.”
- is used to connect computers and other
end user devices to networking devices such as
hubs, switches or routers.

Crossover cable - connect two Ethernet devices

directly together without a hub or when you
connect two hubs together
How to check your network connection?
1. Via Command Prompt
Then press Enter
How to check your network connection?
2. Via Control Panel – Network and Sharing Center
Domain Name System
DNS stands for Domain Name System. DNS is how
domain names are translated into IP addresses, and
DNS also controls email delivery. DNS is what allows
you to use your web browser to find web sites as well
as send and receive email.

Link-local addresses can be used to reach the

neighboring nodes attached to the same link.
IPv6 is the enhanced version of IPv4.
A Subnet mask is a 32-bit number that masks an IP address,
and divides the IP address into network (1) address and host
(0) address.
A host is a type of Web server that stores, serves and
manages websites and/or Web-based applications and
services. It is a remote server that provides the collective
hardware, software, storage and networking capabilities for
hosting websites.

A default gateway serves as an access point or IP router

that a networked computer uses to send information to a
computer in another network or the internet.
Accuracy (Cable wires are all correctly inserted 40 points
into RJ45 and all pins are functioning after
testing)
Speed (Accomplished within 10 minutes) 20 points
Adherence to Procedures (procedures are followed 20 points
correctly and in order)
Workmanship (Workplace is clean, materials are 10 points
maintained in order, applicable PPE is used)
Teamwork (All group members are cooperating) 10 points
 Accuracy:
Doing Right the First Time
HOMEWORK:

Review Lessons 7, 8
and 9 for the First
Periodic Test