• Simple Present - the tense that is used to refer to events, actions, and

conditions that are happening all the time, or exist now: The sentences "I
live in Madrid", "She doesn't like cheese", and "I think you're wrong" are all
in the present simple. 'I love you' is an example of the present simple.

• Simple Past - the form of a verb used to describe an action that happened
before the present time and is no longer happening. It is usually made by
adding -ed:

• Future - A period of time following the moment of speaking or writing;

time regarded as still to come. / Events that will or are likely to happen in
time to come.
Simple Present
• For verbs that end in -ch, -o, -s, -sh, and -x, add -es to create the third person singular.

• Teach / Teaches
• Go / Goes
• Focus / Focuses
• Wash / Washes
• Mix / Mixes

• For verbs that end in a vowel + y, add -s.

• Exam. Say / Says – Play / Plays

• If the verb ends in a consonant + y, change y to i and add –es.

• Study / Studies

• The verb HAVE is irregular. Note that -ve is replaced with -s for the third person singular.

• Have / Has
• Write the past forms of the irregular verbs.
• go →
• come →
• buy →
• have →
• do →
• leave →
• sell →
• bring →
• shut →
• spend →
Simple past
• Regular verbs ending in a silent e take /-d/ in the simple past and past participle:
Example:
close / closed
• Regular verbs ending in a vowel + y take /-ed/ in the simple past and past participle:
Example:
play / played
• Regular verbs ending in a consonant + y take /-ied/ in the simple past and past participle (the y becomes
an i followed by /-ed/)
Example:
marry / married
• All the other regular vebs take /-ed/ in the simple past and past participle.
Example:
visit / visited

• Follow these rules when there is a consonant after a vowel (stop, ban, open, offer...)

• If there is a consonant after a stressed vowel at the end of the word, double the consonant
• stop – stopped
• ban - banned
• swap - swapped
• help
• wash
• live
• arrive
• study
• cry
• play
• enjoy
• plan
• stop
• agree
• borrow
• be
• begin
• break
• bring
• build
• buy
• come
• do
• draw
• drink
Future going to and will
• When to use GOING TO
• The structure BE GOING TO is normally used to indicate the future but with some type of connection to the present. We use it
in the following situations:

• 1. When we have already decided or we INTEND to do something in the future. (Prior Plan)

• The decision has been made before the moment of speaking.

• They're going to retire to the beach - in fact they have already bought a little beach house.
• I'm going to accept the job offer.
• 2. When there are definite signs that something is going to happen. (Evidence)

• Something is likely to happen based on the evidence or experience you have.

• I think it is going to rain - I just felt a drop.

• I don't feel well. I think I'm going to throw up. (throw up = vomit)
• 3. When something is about to happen:

• Get back! The bomb is going to explode.

Future going to and will
• When to use WILL
• In other cases, where there is no implicit or explicit connection to the present, use WILL:
• 1. For things that we decide to do now. (Rapid Decisions)
• This is when you make a decision at that moment, in a spontaneous way.
• I'll buy one for you too.
• I think I'll try one of those. (I just decided this right now)
• 2. When we think or believe something about the future. (Prediction)
• My team will not win the league this season.
• I think it will rain later so take an umbrella with you.
• Note: You can use both Will and Going to for making future predictions.
• 3. To make an offer, a promise or a threat.
• I'll give you a discount if you buy it right now.
• I promise I will behave next time.
• I'll take you to the movies if you'd like.
• 4. You use WON'T when someone refuses to do something.
• I told him to take out the trash but he won't do it.
• My kids won't listen to anything I say.
• My car won't start.
Vocabulary