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Example:
Before analysis the gathered data was prepared. The
dataset was checked for missing the data and
outliers. For this the “outlier labeling rule” was used.
All values outside the calculated range were
considered outliers (Hoaglin & Iglewicz, 1987). The
data was then analyzed using statistical software.
Steps in writing the Research
Methodology
STEP 4: Evaluate and justify your
methodological choices.
Discuss why you chose these particular
methods.
You can acknowledge limitations or
weaknesses in the approach you chose,
but justify why these were outweighed by
the strengths.
Example:
Lab-based experiments can’t always
accurately simulate real-life situations and
behaviors, but they are effective for
testing causal relationships between
variables.
Tips for writing a strong Research
Methodology
Focus on your objectives and
research questions.
Cite relevant sources.
Write for your audience.
Discuss obstacles.
Example of a Research
Methodology
This study used the descriptive survey method of
research which obtained information concerning the present
situation of the respondents with respect to the variables (Key,
1997). The descriptive research method describes the nature of
a condition as it takes pl ace during the tine of the study and
to explore the cause and causes of a particular condition. The
researchers opted to use this kind of research considering the
desire to acquire first hand data from the respondents so as to
formulate rational and sound conclusions and
recommendations for the study. According to Creswell (1994),
the descriptive method of research is to gather information
about the present existing conditions.
Since study is focused on the study of financial lifestyle
of the employees at Central Luzon College of Science and
Technology, Olongapo City, the descriptive method is the most
appropriate method to use.
Description of Sample
Determining your respondents, characteristics,
and circumstances under which they are selected.
When it is used?
If you have no idea about a population’s
behavior.
Determining the Sample Size
2. Determine the sampling technique.
To avoid bias in the selection of actual
respondents.
Fishbowl technique – names of
respondent are written on a piece of
paper and put on a bowl and respondents
are picked until the desired number of
respondents are attained.
Sampling techniques
1. Non-probability sampling – does not rely
on randomization techniques.
2. Probability sampling – uses randomization
and takes steps to ensure all members of
a population have a chance of being
selected.
Instrument Development
1. Determine the
appropriate
collection method.
Qualitative research
commonly uses:
Observation
Interview
Focus group discussion
Validity
In general, Validity is an indication of how
sound your research is. More specifically,
Validity applies to both the design and the
methods of your research.
Internal Validity- is affected by flaws within
the study itself such as not controlling some of
the major variables (a design problem), or
problems with the research instrument (a data
collection problem).
Here are some factors which can affect internal
validity:
Subject variability
Size of subject population
Time given for the data collection or
experimental treatment
History
Attrition
Maturation
Instrument/task sensitivity
External Validity- is the extent to which you
can generalize your findings to a larger group
or other contexts.
Categorization of Data