Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
HAZAN Process:
Basic Concepts
By
A.K. Gupta
Hazard Analysis (HAZAN)
Hazard Analysis (HAZAN) is simply the application of
qualitative or quantitative (numerical) methods to
obtain an understanding of hazards in terms of:
How often a hazard will manifest itself
With what consequences for people, process and plant.
HAZAN is, therefore, the essential prerequisite for the
complete risk assessment process, i.e.:
first analyse the hazards;
then go on to assess the risks they present; and
determine what, if any, ameliorating measures should be
taken.
2
Hazan Process – What it Does
It identifies and analyses accidents with potential for –
(1) harmful consequences to public; or
(2) extreme harm to workers.
Hazard analysis is the activity that –
thoroughly evaluates facility and process hazards
requires a full understanding of facility activities
Identifies important engineering and administrative
controls
3
Objective of HAZAN
• Document safety controls
• The real value in HAZAN performance stems from:
– Comprehensive and systematic evaluation of hazards
– Coverage of a complete spectrum of accidents for both
normal and abnormal conditions and events
– Assessing the effectiveness and adequacy of controls
– Recommending additional controls as needed
6
Overview of Various Methods
METHOD CHARACTERISTICS ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
- Less rigid and fewer rules - Simple processes - Simplistic process
- Less documentation - Simple procedures - Requires a very high
PHA* - Focuses on hazards that have - Shorter meetings; level of experience-base
surfaced in the past reduced HAZAN effort
- A defined method with rules - Simple to moderately - Usually used only for
- Brainstorming complicated processes or collection of information
What-If - Focuses on hazards that are procedures and screening
unforeseen - Very simple method to
- More documentation lead
- Very structured approach using - Complicated process or - Time consuming
guideword/parameter procedures - May spend time
HAZOP combinations - Complete/thorough discussing operability
- Focuses on all deviations from - Less reliance on “experts” issues rather than safety
normal operations
- Equipment failures - Complicated systems - Single failure modes only
- Systematic evaluation of - Machine-oriented
FMEA component failures - Expert-dependent
8
Hazard Identification
Baseline
Information
Standard Low
Industrial Screened Consequence
Hazards, etc. Out Scenarios, etc. Accident
Hazards are contained Analysis
within a "system"
with a variety of
changing equipment/
parameters/effects Hazard and
Operability (HAZOP)
Study
9
Risk Assessment
Risk assessment can be a very straightforward
process based on judgement requiring no
specialist skills or complicated techniques.
This approach is commonly known as
qualitative (or subjective) risk assessment.
Quantitative risk assessment (QRA) is a more
sophisticated technique involving complex
mathematical calculations.
10
Qualitative Hazard Analysis and
Risk Assessment Process
Hazard Identification
Hazard Analysis
Likelihood Consequences
Compare
Risk Assessment
Calculate Risk against
Criteria
13
Framework for
Consequence, Frequency and Risk
Consequences Frequency
Level of harm Conservative estimate
• Dose of HOW OFTEN a
• Degree of
scenario may occur
injury/harm
To
Receptors Risk
Immediate Workers Relative ranking based
Off-site public on consequences and
frequency of incident
Environment Possibility of a loss, injury
and/or environmental
damage
14
ALARP
• Legislation requires employers to reduce risks
to a level that is “as low as is reasonably
practicable” (abbreviated as ALARP).
• To carry out a duty so far as is reasonably
practicable means that the degree of risk in
a particular activity or workplace can be
balanced against the time, trouble, cost and
physical difficulty of taking measures to avoid
the risk.
15
Management of Risk
Risk management may be defined as the
eradication or minimisation of the adverse
affects of risks to which an organisation is
exposed.
Stages of risk management:
Identifying the hazards
Evaluating the associated risks
Controlling the risks
16
Management of Risk
RISK MANAGEMENT
RISK REDUCTION
RISK ASSESSMENT
Activity Implementation
Characterisation Option
Analysis
Monitoring
Hazard
Identification
Decision Audit or
Risk Estimation
Making Review
17
Benefits of this HAZAN Approach
• It is too costly to comprehensively analyse each
hazard/scenario, especially in complex facilities.
• Hence, we need to –
– focus only on significant hazards
– screen out standard industrial hazards
and the low-consequence scenarios
• This method progressively selects concerns or
events that require additional analysis, using
– Hazard screening
– Scenario screening
– Bounding accident selection (worst probable scenarios)
18
Benefits of this HAZAN Approach
• Comprehensive coverage of significant
hazards and scenarios
– It results in a cost-effective (efficient)
analysis of important safety concerns of a
facility/process.
19
Benefits of this HAZAN Approach
• Comprehensive coverage of hazards and
scenarios
– Cost-effective (efficient) analysis of important
facility and process safety concerns
* * * * *
20
Thank you for your attention
Tulips