PRE-COLONIAL SPANISH

LITERATURE
PHILIPPINE LITERATURE PART 1- GRADE 9
FOURTH GRADING PERIOD
STCJA
PRE-COLONIAL SPANISH LITERATURE

• The literature of a formative past by the various

groups of people who inhabited the archipelago
• A literature of varying human interest
• Close to the religious and political organizations of
the ancient Filipinos
• The verses were addressed to the ears rather than
the eyes
• Made up of one or more measured lines with
rhymes and may consist of 4 to 12 syllables
• Showcase the Filipino wit, literary talent, and
keen observation of the surroundings
• Involves reference to one or two images that
symbolize the characteristics of an unknown
object that is to be guessed
PURPOSES OF BUGTONG

• To entertain. Living in remote areas, before the advent

of electricity, families would sit around the fire and the
elders would quiz the younger generation with riddles.
EXAMPLE:
• To educate. Riddles serve the function of passing down
knowledge from one generation to the next. They
require thinking in order to solve them.
• To curse, without expressly cursing. A riddle could be
made up against an enemy, rival town, or suitor.
• To preserve the culture. Riddles communicate the old
ways from one generation to the next.
SALAWIKAIN AND SAWIKAIN

• Epigrams/maxims/proverbs
• Short poems that have been customarily EXAMPLE: SALAWIKAIN
been used and served as laws or rules on
good behavior by our ancestors • Ang matapat na kaibigan, tunay na
maaasahan. - - -You will know a true
• Allegories or parables that impart lessons
friend in time of need.
for the young
• Often expressing a single idea, that is
usually satirical and had a witty ending
• Maxims- rhyming couplets (5,6,8 syllables)
SALAWIKAIN: EXAMPLES

• kumukulo ang dugo "blood is boiling" MAXIMS

= is very angry
• isulat sa tubig "write on water" =
forget about it • Pag hindi ukol, Hindi bubukol. -means
What is not intended for one will not
bear fruit.
BULONG (CHANTS)

Used in witchcraft or
enchantments
Example: Tabi, tabi po,
Ingkong Makikiraan po
lamang.
MYTHS

• This refers to a wide range of

material due to the ethnic mix
of the Philippines . There are
many different creation myths
in Philippine mythology,
originating from various ethnic
groups.
THE PHILIPPINE PANTHEON
1. Bathala – The supreme god of being; creator of man and earth and addressed
sometimes as Bathalang Maykapal. He dwells in Kaluwalhatian together with the lesser
gods and goddesses. Aside from the lesser gods and goddesses, he sent his anitos in
order to assist the daily lives of every human.
2. Amanikable – The ill-tempered god of the sea because among of the first generation
gods (aside from Bathala), he was never married after his love was spurned by a
beautiful mortal maiden, Maganda.
3. Idiyanale – The goddess of labor and good deeds. Natives used to call for her guidance
in order to make their works successful. She married Dimangan and had two offspring.
4. Dimangan – The god of good harvest. He was married to Idiyanale and had two
offspring.
5. Lakapati – The goddess of fertility and the most understanding and kind of all the
deities. Also known as Ikapati, she was the giver of food and prosperity. Her best gift to
mankind was agriculture (cultivated fields).
THE PHILIPPINE PANTHEON
6. Mapulon – The god of seasons and husband of Lakapati of whom they had a
daughter.
7. Mayari – The goddess of the moon and one of the three daughters of Bathala by
a mortal woman. She was the most charming of all the goddesses. She had two
sisters, Tala and Hanan.
8. Tala – The goddess of the stars; sister of Mayari and Hanan and one of the three
daughters of Bathala by a mortal woman.
9. Hanan – The goddess of morning; sister of Mayari and Tala and one of the three
daughters of Bathala by a mortal woman.
10. Dumakulem – The strong, agile guardian of mountains and the son of Idiyanale
and Dimangan. His sister was Anitun Tabu. He later married Anagolay.
 THE PHILIPPINE PANTHEON
• 11. Anion Tabu – The fickle-minded goddess of wind and rain. She was the
daughter of Idiyanale and Dimangan and the sister of Dumakulem.
• 12. Anagolay – The goddess of lost things and the only offspring of Lakapati and
Mapulon. She was married to Dumakulem.
• 13. Apolaki – The god of sun and the chief patron of warriors. He was the son of
Anagolay and Dumakulem.
• 14. Mapolan Masalanta – The goddess of love, conception and childbirth and the
protector of lovers. After the conversion of the natives to Christianity during
the Spanish Era she was then referred as Maria Makiling.
• 15. Sitan - The guardian of Kasamaan and the keeper of all souls therein, the
counterpart of Satan. He had four agents whose task was to lead man to sin and
destruction.
THE STORY OF BATHALA
• In the beginning of time there were three powerful gods
who lived in the universe: Bathala, who was the caretaker of
the earth, Ulilang Kaluluwa (lit. Orphaned Spirit), a huge
serpent who lived in the clouds, and Galang Kaluluwa (lit.
Wandering spirit), the winged god who loved to travel.
These three gods did not know each other.
• Bathala often dreamt of creating mortals, but the empty
earth stopped him from doing so. Ulilang Kaluluwa, who was
as lonely as Bathala, liked to visit places, and the earth was
his favorite.
• One day the two gods met. Ulilang Kaluluwa, seeing another
god rivaling him, was not pleased. He challenged Bathala to
a fight to decide who would be the ruler of the universe.
After three days and three nights, Ulilang Kaluluwa was slain
by Bathala. Instead of giving him a proper burial, Bathala
burned the snake's remains.
THE STORY OF BATHALA

• A few years later the third god, Galang Kaluluwa, wandered into Bathala's
home. He welcomed the winged god with much kindness and even invited
him to live in his kingdom. They became true friends and were very happy
for many years.
• Galang Kaluluwa became very ill. Before he died he instructed Bathala to
bury him in the spot where Ulilang Kaluluwa’s body was burned. Bathala
did exactly as he was told. Out of the grave of the two dead gods grew a
tall tree with a big round nut, which is the coconut tree.
• Bathala took the nut and husked it. He noticed that the inner skin was
hard. The nut itself reminded him of Galang Kaluluwa’s head. It had two
eyes, a nose, and a round mouth. Its leaves looked so much like the wings
of his dear winged friend. But the trunk was hard and ugly, like the body
of his enemy, the snake Ulilang Kaluluwa.
• Bathala realized that he was ready to create the creatures he wanted with
him on earth. He created vegetation, animals, and the first man and
woman. Bathala built a house for them out of the trunk and leaves of the
coconut trees. For food, they drank the coconut juice and ate its delicious
white meat. Its leaves, they discovered, were great for making mats, hats,
and brooms. Its fiber could be used for rope and many other things.
THE LEGEND OF MARIA MAKILING

• Maria Makiling was venerated in Pre-colonial Philippines as a

goddess known as Dayang Masalanta or Dian Masalanta who was
invoked to stop deluge, storms and earthquakes. She was once the
goddess of love and conception. After the Spanish colonized the
Philippines her worship diminished and she was later known as
Maria Makiling of mount Makiling. Maria Makiling is a diwata (fairy
or forest nymph) who takes care of the ecologically rich Mount
Makiling, a dormant volcano in Laguna, Philippines. She is
considered the protector of the mountain and the forests that
surround it. She is also considered one of the most widely known
diwata in Philippine Mythology. While many legends exist about her,
many share the common theme of a beautiful woman who falls in
love with a man.
 ANCIENT METRICAL TALES

• Aliguyon the exploits of Aliguyon as he battles his arch-

enemy, Pambukhayon
• Biag ni Lam-Ang tells of the adventures of Lam-Ang who
exhibits extraordinary powers at a very early age.
• Ibalon (Ibalong) -the story of three Bicol heroes: Baltog,
Handiong, and Bantiong
• Hinilawod -oldest and longest epic poem in Panay .It is about
the exploits of three Sulodnon demigod brothers,
LabawDonggon, Humadapnon and Dumalapdap of ancient
Panay.