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• Examples:
– Flower color in 4
o’clocks and snapdragons
Multiple alleles and Blood Groups
• Rh blood factor
• Rh +
• Rh-
Human Blood types
Environmental effects
• Allele expression may be
affected by environmental
conditions
• Examples:
– Coat color in arctic foxes
– Coat color in Himalayan
rabbits and Siamese cats
• ch allele affected by temp
>33 C tyrosinase enzyme
inactivates + reduces
melanin pigment production
Environmental effects on phenotype
Epistasis – genes acting together
• Situation whereby 1
gene pair affects the
expression of a 2nd gene
pair
• Examples:
– Anthocyanin (purple)
pigment in corn
– Animal coat colors
Epistasis (cont’d)
• Horse coloration involves
2 or more gene pairings..
• EE or Ee is for black
• ee is for red (sorrel)
• PLUS other genes can add
to base colors
• (Bay is AA, EE – black
with agouti gene;
Buckskin is AA, EE, CcrC
– bay with cremello gene,
Dun is AA, EE, Dd – bay
with dun gene; Palomino
is ee, CcrC – sorrel with
cremello gene)