What is a Nutrient?

• Nutrients are important substances that your

body needs to survive and stay healthy 1
 There are different type of nutrients
 We get most of them from food

The type of Nutrient are :

a) Carbohydrates

b) Lipids

c) Proteins

d) Vitamins

e) Minerals & water

f) Fibre

2
 Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are your main source
of energy

PPB5.01c_Nutrients
5.01C Nutrients 3
 Sources
• Sugary food : honey,
jam, candy, etc
• Fiber: fruits,
vegetables, whole
grains
• Starch: breads, cereals,
pasta

5.01C Nutrients 4
 Function
• Supplies the energy,
these foods have to be
broken down by the
body, so the energy is
released more slowly.
• Help the body digest
fats

5.01C Nutrients 5
Lipids
( Lipids include Fats and Oil )

5.01C Nutrients 6
 Function
• Supply energy (provide you
with a store of energy)
• Keep your warm (by
providing a layer of
insulation under your skin)
• Protect organs like your
kidneys and heart from
demage
7
Proteins

8
 Functions
• Builds and repairs muscles
and cell tissues
• To make new cell for growth
• Your muscles, organs, and
immune system are mostly
made of protein
• Supplies energy

9
 Sources
Complete proteins:
• dairy products, eggs,
fish, meat and
poultry.
Incomplete proteins:
• beans, grains and
nuts.
10
 Water
• Our cells are made up of about
70% water.
• To keep them healthy we need to
constantly replace the water our
body loses in sweat, tears, urine,
feces, and exhaling.
11
 Function
• Aids digestion and
cell growth and
maintenance
• Facilitates chemical
reactions
• Lubricates joints and
cells
• Regulates body
temperature
12
 Sources

• Liquids
• Food
• Breakdown of energy
nutrients 13
Vitamins

14
 Function

Vitamins and minerals are essential substance for

keeping you healthy but only need tiny amounts.
Vitamins are needed for grow, develop, and
function normally.
Example :
Vitamin A is needed for good eyesight and Vitamin
D and mineral Calcium healty teeth and bones
15
 Fibre
(type of carbohydrate but not classed as a
nutrient)

 Fibre important to you diet as it adds bulk to

your food.
 Fibre keeps food moving through the gut, and
waste is pushed out of the body more easily,
helping to prevent constipation.
16
 1.2. Food test
 Scientists use food test to find out which
nutrients are in food product
 for most food test, we will need a solution
of the food
How to prepare the food solutions?
1. crush the food using the pastel or mortar

2. add a few drops of water and mix well (

use special water )
17
 1.2. Food test
Starch
 To test for Starch we use the iodine
solution ( orange yellow liquid )
1. Add a few drops of iodine solution to the
food solution
2. If the solution turns a dark blue – black
colour, the food contain Starch

18
 1.2. Food test
Lipids
 To test for Lipids in a solid piece of food,
we use a piece of filter paper
1. Rub some of the food onto a piece of the
filter paper
2. Hold the paper up to the light. If the
paper has gone translucent, the food
contains lipids
19
 1.2. Food test
Lipids
 To test for Lipids in a food solution we
use Ethanol (colourless liquid)
1. Add a few drops of ethanol to the food
solution
2. Shake the test tube and leave for one
minute
3. Pour the ethanol into a test tube of water
20
 1.2. Food test
Lipids
 To test for Lipids in a food solution we
use Ethanol (colourless liquid)
4. If the solution turns cloudy, the food
contains lipids

21
 1.3. Unhealthy diet
 All you activities need energy, you can
get energy from your food.
 The Energy in food is measured in
Joule (J) or kilojoule (kJ)
 1 kilojoule is the same as 1000 joule.
 Food label it will tell you how much
energy is stored in that food

22
 Why is it unhealthy to be
underweight??
 Some people do not eat
enough food. In extreme
cases this is known as
starvation.
 if the energy in the food you
eat is less than the energy you
use, you will lose body mass.
 This leads to you being
underweight 23
Underwight people :
 Often suffer from from health problem,
such as a poor immune system.
 Lack energy to do things and are often
tired
 Are likely to suffer from a lack of

vitamins or minerals

5.01C Nutrients 24
 Why is it unhealthy to be
overweight??
 Some people eat
too much, or eat
too many foods
 If energy content in
the food you eat is
more then the
energy you use, you
gain body mass.
25
 Why is it unhealthy to be
overweight??
 This is stored as
fat under your skin
 If a person become
extremely
overweight, they
are said to be
obese

26
Overweight people have an increased risk
of :
 Heart disease

 Stroke

 Diabetes

 Some cancer

5.01C Nutrients 27
 What is the vitamin and
mineral deficiencies??

 Deficiency is if a person does not

have enough of a certain vitamin and
mineral.
 This condition can damage a person
health. For example : vitamin A
deficiency (night blindness), the
condition when you difficult to see
clearly in dim light.
28
 What is the vitamin and
mineral deficiencies??

 A vitamin D deficiency can lead to a

condition called Rickets , where you
bones become weak

29
 How much energy do you
need??

 Our body need energy to function

properly
 The amount of energy you need
depends on your :
 Age (as this affects your growth
rate)
 Your body size

 How active you are

30
 How much energy do you
need??

 The more exercise you do, the more

energy your body requires.

31
1.4 Digestive system

32
 What is the digestive system??
 Digestive system is a group of
organs that work together to break down
food.
 The nutrients in most of the food you eat
are large molecules, like lipids and protein.
 During digestion these large molecules
are broken down into small molecules of
nutrients. And pass it into your blood
where they are used.
How your digestive system works??

 Mouth = Food is
chewed and mixed
with saliva, the
teeth help to break
the food into
smaller chunks
 Gullet = food
passes down this
tube 34
How your digestive system works??

 Stomach = food is
mixed with digestive
juices and acid
 Small intestine =
small molecules of
nutrients pass
through the
intestine wall into
the bloodstream 35
How your digestive system works??

 Large intestine =
only food that
cannot be digested
gets this far and
water passes back
into the body,
leaving a solid
waste of undigested
food called feces.
36
How your digestive system works??

 Rectum = feces are

stored here until
they leave the body
 Anus = this is a
muscular ring
through which feces
pass out of the
body
37
 How your food moving through the
digestive system??

 Fibre in your food isn’t digested but adds

bulk to the food.
 Muscles push against this, forcing the food
along the gut

38
 How the small molecules of nutrients
passing into the blood??

 The small molecules of nutrients pass into

the bloodstream through the wall of the
small intestine, they are transported
around the body
 The small intestine need to absorb the
nutrients quickly, before the undigested
food passes out of the body

39
 How the small molecules of nutrients
passing into the blood??

 The wall of small intestine is thin and

covered with tiny structure called Villi.
 These stick out of the wall and give it a
big surface area.
 They also contain blood capillaries to carry
away the absorbed food molecules.

40