Holography

Presented By Group C

Group Members
 SHAHBAZ AHMAD 42
 M.YOUSAF QADIR 22
 ABDULLAH BUZDAR 23
 MATI ULLAH 19
 History of Holography
• Holography was invented in 1947 by
Hungarian physicist Dennis Gabor (1900–
1979), work for which he received the Nobel
Prize in Physics in 1971.

• Gabor's research focused on electron

optics, which led him to the invention of
holography. The basic idea was that for
perfect optical imaging, the total of all the
information has to be used; not only the
amplitude, as in usual optical imaging,
but also the phase. In this manner a
complete holo-spatial picture can be
obtained.
What is Holography?
 Holography is an image that appears to be three
dimensional and which can be seen with a naked
eye. Holography is the science and practice of
making hologram.
 Technique The technique of holography can also
be used to optically store, retrieve, and process
information.
 While holography is commonly used to display
static 3-D pictures.
 History of Holography – Timeline
Dennis Gabor, inventor of
holography, stands beside his
18"x24" laser transmission,
pulsed portrait. The historic
portrait was recorded in 1971
by R. Rinehart, McDonnell
Douglas Electronics Company,
St. Charles, MO to
commemorate Gabor's
winning of the Nobel Prize that
year.
Timeline (1962)
"Train and Bird" is the first hologram ever made with a laser using the off-
axis technique. This pioneer image was produced in 1964 by Emmett Leith
and Juris Upatnieks at the University of Michigan only four years after the
invention of the laser.
 Leith and Juris
Upatnieks_Timeline(1962)

 In 1962 Emmett Leith and Juris

Upatnieks in the University of
Michigan recognized from their
work that holography could be
used as a 3-D visual medium. In
1962 they read Gabor's paper and
"simply out of curiosity" decided to
duplicate Gabor's technique using
the laser and an "off-axis"
technique borrowed from their
work . The result was the first laser
transmission hologram of 3-D
objects (a toy train and bird). These Leith and Upatnieks preparing to
transmission holograms produced shoot a laser transmission
images with clarity and realistic hologram using the "off-axis"
depth but required laser light to technique borrowed from their
view the holographic image. work. (Photo by Fritz Goro for Life
Magazine, 1967).
Timeline (1967)
The 1967 World Book Encyclopedia Science Yearbook
contained what is arguably the first mass-distributed
hologram, a 4"x3" transmission view of chess pieces on
a board. An article describing the production of the
hologram and basic information about the history of
holography .
Timeline (1967)
 Also in 1967, Larry Siebert of the Conduction
Corporation used a pulsed laser that he
designed to make the first hologram of a
person. The Conduction Corporation played
an important role in the early days of
commercial display holography. Their large
18 x 24 inch plates made unusual trade
show displays. The trend continued for
several years until the recession in the early
1970s forced the company to close the
pulsed laser facility. a
 Timeline (1968)
In 1968 when Dr. Stephen A.
Benton invented white-light
transmission holography while
researching holographic
television at Polaroid Research
Laboratories. This type of
hologram can be viewed in
ordinary white light creating a
Dr. Stephen A. Benton, Massachusetts
"rainbow" image from the seven Institute of Technology, seen through
colors which make up white "Crystal Beginning," a white light
light. The depth and brilliance transmission hologram produced at
of the image and its rainbow the Polaroid Corporation in 1977.
(Photo by Michael Lutch for WGBH,
spectrum soon attracted artists Boston)
who adapted this technique to
their work and brought
holography further into public
awareness.
Timeline (1983)
o In 1983 MasterCard International, Inc. became the
first to use hologram technology in bank card
security.

The first credit cards to carry embossed holograms were produced by

The first credit cards to carry embossed holograms were produced by
American Bank Note Company, New York, for MasterCard International,
American Bank Note Company, New York, for MasterCard International,
Inc. The 2-channel holograms were the widest distribution of holography in
Inc. The 2-channel holograms were the widest distribution of holography in
the world at that time.
the world at that time.
 Timeline (1984)
o National Geographic magazine was the first major
publication to put a hologram on its cover. The March 1984
issue carried nearly 11 million holograms throughout the
world

Volume 165, Number 3, March 1984 had the first hot stamped hologram
embossed directly onto a magazine cover, with an accompanying story, "The
Wonder of Holography." (Photo by Paul D. Barefoot, 1999).
Holography in every day life
 A telephone credit card used in Europe has embossed surface
holograms which carry a monetary value. When the card is inserted
into the telephone, a card reader discerns the amount due and deducts
(erases) the appropriate amount to cover the cost of the call.

• Supermarket scanners read the bar codes on

merchandise for the store's computer by using a
holographic lens system to direct laser light onto the
product labels during checkout.
Holography in every day life
o Holographic data storage also offers
tremendous potential. Because data can be
reduced by the holographic technique to
dimensions of the order of the wavelength of
light, volume holograms can be used to record
vast quantities of information. As the
hologram is rotated, new exposures can be
made.