 

Statistics and Probability

 Entry Card
A. Rolling a Die
Outcome Number of Occurrence
1 4
2 8
3 6
4 12
5 3
6 7

Compute the mean and variance of the frequency

distribution ∑𝒇𝒙 𝟐 ∑𝒇(𝒙−𝒙 ) 𝟐
X= 𝝈 =
𝒏 𝒏
Outcome Number of Occurrence
X f fx
1 4 4
2 8 16
3 6 18
4 12 48
5 3 15
6 7 42
n = 40 ∑fx = 143

∑𝒇𝒙 𝟏𝟒𝟑
X = = 𝟒𝟎 = 3.6
𝒏
 Outcome
X f x–x (x – x )2 f( x – x )2
1 4 1 - 3.6 6.76 27.04
2 8 2 - 3.6 2.56 20.48
3 6 3 - 3,6 0.36 2.16
4 12 4 - 3.6 0.16 1.92
5 3 5 - 3.6 1.96 5.88
6 7 6 - 3.6 5.76 40.32
n = 40

𝝈𝟐 ∑𝒇 𝒙−𝒙 𝟐 𝟗𝟕.𝟖
= = = 2.45
𝒏 𝟒𝟎
 Activity 1
Consider a population consisting of 1,2,3,4 and 5. Suppose
samples of size 2 are drawn from this population. Describe the
sampling distribution of the sample means.

 What is the mean and variance of the sampling distribution of

the sample means

 Compare these values to the mean and variance of the

population.
 Steps Solutions
∑𝑿
1. Compute the mean of the population (µ) µ= = 3.00
𝐍

𝜎2 ∑ 𝐱−µ 𝟐
2. Compute the variance of the population (𝜎) =
𝐍
𝟏𝟎
=
𝟓
= 2

mean of the population (µ) is 3.00 variance of the population (𝜎) = 2

 Steps Solutions
3. Determine the number of possible Use the formula NCn.Here
samples of size n = 2 N = 5 and n = 2

5C2.= 10
4. List all possible samples and their
Samples and mean
corresponding means

5. Construct the sampling distribution Sampling distribution

of the sample means.
 Steps Solutions
6. Compute the mean of the sampling Sampling distribution of
distribution of the sample means (µx). the sample means
Follow these steps µx= X . P(X)
a. Multiply the sample mean by the
corresponding probability
b. Add the results

7. Compute the variance of the Variance of the

sampling distribution of the sample sampling distribution
means.

𝝈𝟐 = ∑𝑷 𝑿 . 𝐗 − µ 𝟐
How do you compare mean of the sample means and the
mean of the population?

How do you compare variance of the sample means and

the variance of the population?

Population Sampling Distribution

(N=5) of the sample means
(n=2)

Mean µ = 3.00 µx= 3.00

Variance 𝜎2 = 2.00 𝜎2𝑥 = 0.75
Steps in constructing sampling distribution:

1. List of possible samples of size

2. List of possible sample means
3. Frequency
4. Probability Distribution
Mean of sampling distribution of sample means

Sample mean Probability µx= X . P(X)

X P(X) X.P(X)

Variance of sampling distribution of sample means

X P(X) X-µ (X - µ)2 P(X) . (X - µ)2

𝝈𝟐 = ∑𝑷 𝑿 . 𝐗 − µ 𝟐
Group Activity 2
Consider a population consisting of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Suppose
samples of size 3 are drawn from this population. Describe the
sampling distribution of the sample means. What is the mean and
variance of the sampling distribution of the sample means?
 
Compare these values to the mean and variance of the population.
Consider a population consisting of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Suppose
samples of size 3 are drawn from this population. Describe the
sampling distribution of the sample means. What is the mean and
variance of the sampling distribution of the sample means?
Compare these values to the mean and variance of the population.

 
Finite Population

One that consists of a finite or fixed number of elements,

measurements, or observation
Infinite Population

at least,infinitely elements

Contains, hypothetically
 Example 1
A population has a mean of 60 and a standard
deviation of 5. A random sample of 16
measurement is drawn from this population.
Describe the sampling distribution of the sample
 
means by computing its mean and standard
deviation
𝝈
𝝈𝒙 =
𝒏
A population has a mean of 60 and a standard
deviation of 5. A random sample of 16
measurement is drawn from this population.
Describe the sampling distribution of the sample
 
means by computing its mean and standard
deviation
 Steps Solutions
1. Identify the given information.

2. Find the mean of the sampling distribution. Use

the property that µx = µ.

3. Find the standard deviation of the

sampling distribution. Use the property that
𝝈
𝝈𝒙 =
𝒏
 Example 2
The height of grade 11 students in Binga National
High School are normally distributed with mean of
68 inches and standard deviation of 3 inches. If 80
samples consisting of 25 students each drawn from
 
the population, what would be the expected mean
and standard deviation of the resulting sampling
distribution of the means?
 Finite Population
Consider a population consisting of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Suppose
samples of size 3 are drawn from this population. Describe the
sampling distribution of the sample means. What is the mean and
variance of the sampling distribution of the sample means?
Compare these values to the mean and variance of the population.

A population has a mean of 60 and a standard deviation of 5. A

 
random sample of 16 measurement is drawn from this population.
Describe the sampling distribution of the sample means by
computing its mean and standard deviation

Infinite Population
 Seat Work
The scores of grade 11 students on a national test
have a normal distribution with mean 18.6 and
standard deviation 5.9. At Binga National High
 
School, 76 students took the test. If the scores at
this school have the same distribution as national
scores, what are the mean and standard deviation
of the sample mean for 76 students?
 Entry Card
A National Achievement Test was given to a group of
high school graduating students. The result shows that
the mean score is 95 with a standard deviation of 15.
Determine the standard scores corresponding to the
following scores.
Score Standard Score

110 ?

100 ?

95 ?
 Starting Point

 Find the under the normal curve given the following conditions.

Conditions Illustration Area ?

to the left of z = 1.5

to the right of z = 0.75

 Central Limit Theorem
If random samples of size n are drawn from a population,
then as n becomes larger, the sampling distribution of the
means approaches the normal distribution, regardless of the
shape of the population distribution
𝒙−𝝁
Use the formula z = 𝝈
𝒏
where x = sample mean
µ = population mean
𝜎 = population standard deviation
n = sample size
 Time to Complete an Examination
 The average time it takes a group of high school
students to complete a certain examination is 46.2
minutes. The standard deviation is 8 minutes.
Assume that the variable is normally distributed.

a. What is the probability that a randomly selected high school students

will complete the examination in less than 43 minutes?.

b. If 50 randomly selected high school students take the examination, what is

the probability that the mean time it takes the group to complete the test
will be less than 43 minutes?
 Time to Complete an Examination

 The average time it takes a group of high school

students to complete a certain examination is 46.2
minutes. The standard deviation is 8 minutes.
Assume that the variable is normally distributed.

a. What is the probability that a randomly selected high school students

will complete the examination in less than 43 minutes?.
 Steps Solutions
1. Identify the given information. answer

2. Identify what is asked for.

3. Identify the formula to be used

4. Solve the problem

5. State the final answer

 Time to Complete an Examination

 The average time it takes a group of high school

students to complete a certain examination is 46.2
minutes. The standard deviation is 8 minutes.
Assume that the variable is normally distributed.

b. If 50 randomly selected high school students take the examination, what is

the probability that the mean time it takes the group to complete the test
will be less than 43 minutes?
 Steps Solutions
1. Identify the given information. answer

2. Identify what is asked for.

3. Identify the formula to be used

4. Solve the problem

5. State the final answer

 Cholesterol Content
 The average number of milligrams (mg) of
cholesterol in a cup of a certain brand of ice cream is
660 mg, and the standard deviation is 35 mg.
Assume the variable is normally distributed.

a. If a cup of ice cream is selected, what is the probability that the

cholesterol content will be more than 670 mg?.

b. If a sample of 10 cups of ice cream is selected, what is the

probability that the mean of the sample will be larger than 670 mg?
 Cholesterol Content
 The average cholesterol content of a certain canned
goods is 215 milligrams, and the standard deviation
is 15 milligrams. Assume the variable is normally
distributed.

a. If a canned good is selected, what is the probability that the

cholesterol content will be greater than 220 milligrams?.

b. If a sample of 25 canned goods is selected, what is the probability

that the mean of the sample will be larger than 220 milligrams?