Tenses & Passive Voice

GROUP 2 :

♥ Mrs. Ayuk Purwanti

♥ Mr. Mustopa
A. Definition of Tenses

Tenses are very important and fundamental when learning English. Tenses are generally used to form a
sentence in English based on the time of the event or event. In other words, Verbs come in three tenses : past, present,
and future. The past is used to describe things that have already happened( e.g. : earlier in the day, yesterday, last week,
three years ago ). The present tense is used to describe things that are happening right now, or things that are
continuous. The future tense describes things that have yet to happen ( e.g : later, tomorrow, next week, next year,
three years from now ).

1. Tenses

- Simple Present
- Present Continous
- Present Perfect
Basic form of tenses :

1. Simple Present

S + V1 ( s/es ) + O   e.g : My mother goes to market every Sunday

2. Simple Past

Subject + V2   e.g : The final exam started at 06. 30 p.m.

3. Simple Future

S + Will + V1   e.g : You will win the champion.

 Time Present Past Future

Event
Simple  Simple present  Simple past  Simple future
 S + V1 ( s/es ) + O  S + V2  S + Will + V1

Continuous  Present continuous  Past continuous  Future cont.

 S + to be ( is, am, are ) +  S + Was / were + Ving  S + Will + be + Ving
Ving

Perfect  Present perfect  Past perfect  Future perfect

 S+ Have / has + V3  S + Had + been + Ving  S + Will + have + V3
1. Simple Present

Present tense describes events happening now. It’s also useful for describing a direct action that’s not
exclusive to the past or future. Simple present tense is used for :

a. Reveal a habit
Example : My brother goes to market every Sunday.

b. Reveal a fact
Example : Human uses lungs for breathing

c. Express work that is often done

Example : I often study in the midnight and early morning
2. Present continuous

Present continuous tense to discuss current actions or plans in the future.

Example : - They are staying at home at this moment.
- I’m drivinga car to Bandung now.

3. Present Perfect

The present perfect tense is used to express an activity or situation that has begun in the past and has been
completed at a certain point in time in the past or still continues today.

The present perfect tense is used for:

a. Describe completed activities

Example: she has eaten her lunch just now

b. Describes events that began to be done in the past and still continues to this day

Example: you have not slept for 30 hours

c. Showing an activity is done several times in the past, but the time is not specifically known.

Example: I have changed this room decoration three times

1. Simple Past

Past tense describes events that have already happened and are completely finished. Most verbs can be
made past tense by adding -d or -ed at the end of a present tense verb, as in liked and watched. However, many
irregular verbs have unique past tense forms.

Exampel : - I finished my homework last night

- Mr. Tb lived in makassar eight years ago

2. Past Continous

Past continuous tense is used to describe an activity that happened in the past where the activity took place
together with other activities.

Example: - I was cleaning my laptop while playing brother

- They were working when you slept at home
- The team was playing basketball all day yesterday
3. Past Perfect

Past perfect tense is used to indicate a job or activity that happened in the past before the work that
happened.

Example : - I have gone to my city before she called me

- When he came last night, the cake had run out

1. Simple Future

Future tense describes events that haven’t happened yet. It’s useful for describing an intended action or a
prediction. It’s typically formed by combining an auxiliary verb ( helping verbs like will or need ) with a root verb.

Example : - I will come to your party tommorow

-I am going to meet hertomorrownight.
2. Future Continous

Future continuous tense is used to describe activities that are going to happen in the future

Example : - She will be studying at course tommorow

- Hewillbe sleeping at 10 p.m.

3. Future Continous

The future perfect tense is used to express activities that will be completed in the future.

Example : - I will have written summary by the day after tommorow

-At this time next month, I’ll have finished my Japan course.
B. Definition of Passive voice

The passive of an active tense is formed by putting the verb to be into the same tense as the active verb
and adding the past participle of the active verb. The subject of the active verb becomes the ‘agent’ of the passive verb.
The agent is very often not mentioned. When it is mentioned it is preceded by by and placed at the end of the clause.

Basic form of passive voice

Be + V3

There are 10 kinds of tenses that be included into passive voice. 2 tenses form continuous, and 8 tenses
beside of continuous.
 Time Present Past Future Past future

Event
Simple  Simple present  Simple past  Simple future  Simple past future
 Is, am, are. + V3  Was, were, +  Will/shall + be +  Would/should + be
V3 V3 + V3

Continuous  Present continuous  Past  Future cont.  Past future cont.

 Is, am, are + being continuous  -  -
+ V3  Was, were +
being + V3

Perfect  Present perfect  Past perfect  Future perfect  Past future

 Have / has + been +  Had + been +  Will/shall + have + perfect
V3 V3 been + V3  Would/should+
have + been + V3
Perfect  Present perf. Cont.  Past perf. Cont.  Future perfect cont.  Past Fut. Perf.
 -  -  - Cont.
Continuous
 -