Industrial Era (1440-1890)

1. Printing Press
 Is an apparatus for administering
pressure to an inked surface recessing
upon a print medium (such as paper or
cloth).
 It was invented in the Holy Roman
Empire by the German Johannes
Gutenberg around 1440
Recreated Gutenberg press at the International
Printing Museum, Carson, California
2. Dry Plates
Collodion Dry Plates by Desire van
Monckhoven since 1855.
Gelatin Dry Plate by Richard Leach Maddox
in 1871
•The discovery that heating a gelatin
suspension greatly amplifies its sensitivity
finally made “instantaneous” snapshot
exposures practical.
3. Telegraphy
Is the long-distance broadcast of textual or symbolic
messages. It necessitates that the technique used for
encoding the message be known to both sender and
receiver.
An Electrical Telegraph was self-sufficiently advanced
and patented in the US in 1837 by Samuel Morse.
Alfred Vail, his assistant developed the Morse code
signaling alphabet with Morse.
The first telegram in US was sent by Morse on January
11, 1938, across 3 kms. Of wire.
A Morse Key
4. Telephone
 or phone, is a telecommunications device that allows
many users to administer a conversation when they are
too far apart to be heard.
It transfigures sound into electronic signals appropriate
for transmission via cables or other transmission media.
Scottish emigrant Alexander Graham Bell was the
first to be settled a US patent for a device that formed
clearly intelligible replication of human voice in 1876.
It’s the first device in history that permitted people to
talk directly with each other across great distances.
Bell Centennial Single-pole
Telephone transmitter in 1876
5. Phonograph
Invented in 1877, is a device designed for the
power-driven recording and reproduction of
sound. In its later form it was called
Gramophone.
The sound waveforms are recorded as
conforming physical deviations of a spiral
groove engraved into the surface of a spinning
disc called “Record”.
Thomas Edison with his second Phonograph,
in Washington
6. Film
 also called a Movie, motion pictures, theatrical film or
photoplay.
It’s a series of immobile images that, when shown on a
screen, generates the illusion of moving images.
It started in the 1890’s, when motion picture camera
were invented and film production companies started
to recognized.
Films of that era were under a minute long were
created without sound because of the restriction of
technology.
Information Era (1906-present)
1. Radio
•is the technology of using radio waves to
carry information, such a sound, by
systematically modulating properties of
electromagnetic energy waves transmitted
through space, such as their amplitude,
frequency, phase or pulse width.
 Early uses were Maritime which was for sending
telegraphic messages using Morse Code.
One of the most notable uses of marine telegraphy was
during the sinking of RMS Titanic in 1912.
Forms of Radio:
• Wireless Networks
• Mobile Communications
• Radio broadcasting
Before television, commercial radio broadcast included
not only news and music, but Drama, comedies, and
variety shows.
2. Television
Is a telecommunication medium used for transmitting
moving images in monochrome (Black and White), or in
color, in 2 or 3 dimensions and sound.
Is a mass medium for advertising, entertainment and
news.
It became obtainable in basic experimental forms in the
late 1920’s.
Television sets became conventional in homes,
businesses and institutions.
1950’s, TV was the primary medium for influencing
public opinion.
3. Personal Computer (PC)
 is a general-purpose computer. Its size,
capabilities, and novel sale price make it beneficial
for individuals.
It is envisioned to be worked directly by an end-
user with no superseding computer time-sharing
models that permitted larger, more lavish
minicomputer and mainframe to be used by many
people.
4. Mobile Phone
Known as a Cell phone in North America, is a portable
telephone that can make and receive calls over a radio
frequency link while the user is moving within a
telephone service area.
Modern mobile telephone services use a cellular
network architecture and therefore mobile telephones
are called Cellular Telephones or Cell Phones.
In 2016, the top mobile phone manufacturers were:
Samsung, Apple and Huawei.
5. Internet
It is the global system of interconnected
computer networks that use the Internet Protocol
Suite (TCP/IP) to link devices worldwide.
It a network of networks that consists of private,
public, academic, business and government
networks of local to global scope, linked by a
broad array of electronic, wireless and optical
networking technologies.
Media accomplishes several rudimentary roles in our society.
One obvious role is Entertainment.
Can act as a catalyst for our imaginations.
A source of make-believe and a passage of
escapism.
Has the influence to take us away from ourselves.
Can provide information and education.
Can be used to monitor government, business and
other institutions.
Some Theories on Information and Media
1. Allocution
Is the one-way distribution of information through media
channel.
It assumes that one party has a limitless amount of data and
can act as the information services provider while the other
one acts as the information services consumer.
Example: Radio and traditional television programs such as the
News.
2. Character Theory
Is used to understand media, such as Print or Electronic media
texts or productions such as Films and Plays.
It is beneficial for examining and understanding media in
which people take on the part of an actor.
Erving Goffman’s character theory proposes 4 main types of
broad character in a media text or production:
oThe Protagonist (Leading Character)
oThe Deuterogamist (Secondary Character)
oThe Bit Player (Minor character)
oThe Fool ( a Character that uses humor to convey messages)