Blood Transfusion, Complications and

Management

“Safe Blood Saves Lives “

PRESENTERS: RUBINI DEVI, IZUANI

SUPERVISOR: DR ALVIN LUM
 OUTLINE
• Definition of transfusion
• Types of blood product
• Functions of blood
• Consent and hemovigilence
• Max Surgical blood order schedule
• Autologous transfusion
• Indications for blood transfusion, safe O blood
• Massive transfusions
• Management of acute blood loss, choices of treatment material in
management of trauma, transfusion reaction
• Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
• Complications of blood transfusion
 DEFINITION
• Connective tissue (fluid) consisting of
Blood plasma and cellular component

• Any component of the blood which is

Blood product collected from a donor for use in a
blood transfusion

Blood • Is the process of transferring blood or

blood components from one person
transfusion into the circulatory system of another
TYPES OF BLOOD PRODUCTS
FUNCTIONS OF THE BLOOD

Transportation Protection

Regulation
 CONSENT FOR BLOOD
TRANSFUSION
• Blood transfusion is meant to benefit the patient.

• Nevertheless, it carries with it various risks to the health of the

patient including infectious disease agents (e.g. HIV, hepatitis,
syphillis), transfusion reactions and even risk of transfusing wrong
blood, which can be fatal.

• Thus coupled with the decision to transfuse, the medical personnel in

charge of the patient also bears the responsibility to explain the
benefits, risks and alternatives to transfusion therapy and to ensure
that the patient understands the material discussed.
• Other than in an emergency situation, the patient should be given an
opportunity to ask questions, and his/her informed decision should be
documented.

• If the patient is unable to give consent, a responsible family member might

be asked to do so. If no family member is available or if in an emergency
the need for transfusion leaves no time for consent, it is prudent to note
this in the patient’s medical notes.

• It is essential that you provide this information in a timely manner that is

understood by the patient, and that you ensure this information is
understood
 HEMOVIGILANCE
• Is a system of surveillance and alarm from blood collection to the
follow-up of the reipients

1. Blood taking
2. Giving blood
 MAXIMUM SURGERY BLOOD
ORDER SCHEDULE (MSBOS)
• Reference used to guide clinicians in ordering blood before surgery

• The maximum surgical blood order schedule (MSBOS) is table of

elective surgical procedures which lists the number of units of blood
routinely requested, and cross matched for them pre-operatively
 AUTOLOGOUS BLOOD
TRANSFUSION
• Is the collection and subsequent transfusion of the patient’s own
blood.
• It prevents transmission of diseases like hepatitis, HIV and syphilis
and avoids immunological complications like alloimmunization and
transfusion reactions.
• It is the safest component as it provides the safest blood for those
who have alloantibodies.
• It is most useful in elective and planned surgical procedures.
Types of autologous transfusions

Predeposit
Pre-operative
Autologous
Haemodilution
Blood

Intra-operative Post-operative
Blood Salvage Blood Salvage