Design of Landfill

Compaction of Placed Waste Compaction of Daily Cover

(Note: New Construction)

Equipment Used to Apply Foam as Daily Cover Material

 DEFINITION
Engineered method of disposing of solid waste
on land in a manner that protects the
environment
 IDENTIFICATION OF GOALS
• To protect groundwater quality by limiting the discharge
of leachate
• To protect air quality and conserve energy by installing a
landfill gas recovery system
• To minimize impact on adjacent wetlands by controlling
and impounding surface runoff
• To minimize dumping time for site users
• To use the landfill space efficiently and extend site life as
much as is practical
• To provide for maximum use of land upon site
completion.
 LANDFILL DESIGN STEPS
• Determination of solid waste quantities and
characteristics
• Compilation of information for potential sites
• Design of filling area
• Design features
• Preparation of design package
 Determination of solid waste quantities and
characteristics
• Existing
• Projected
 COMPILATION OF INFORMATION FOR
POTENTIAL SITES
• Performance of boundary and topographic surveys
• Preparation of base maps of existing conditions on and near sites
– Property boundaries, topography and slopes, surface water,
wetlands, utilities roads, structures, residences, land use
• Compilation of hydro geological information and preparation of
location map
– Soils (depth, texture, structure bulk density, porosity,
permeability, moisture, ease of excavation, stability, pH,
CATION exchange capacity),
– bedrock (depth, type, presence of fractures, location of
surface outcrops),
– groundwater (average depth, seasonal fluctuations, hydraulic
gradient and direction of flow, rate of flow, quality, uses)
 Cond..
• Compilation of climatologically data
– Precipitation, evaporation, temperature, number of
freezing days, wind direction
• Identification of regulations (federal, state, local) and
design standards
– Loading rates, frequency of cover, distances to
residences, roads, surface water and airports,
monitoring, groundwater quality standards, roads,
building codes, contents of application for permit
 DESIGN OF FILLING AREA
• Selection of land filling method based
– Site topography, site soils, site bedrock, site groundwater
• Specification of design dimensions
– Cell width, depth, length, fill depth, liner thickness,
interim cover soil thickness, final soil cover thickness
• Specification of operational features
– Use of cover soil, method of cover application, need for
imported soil, equipment requirements, personnel
requirements
 DESIGN FEATURES
• Leach ate controls • Recycling drop-off
• Gas controls • Fencing
• Surface water controls • Lighting
• Access roads • Wash racks
• Special working areas • Monitoring wells
• Special waste • Landscaping
handling
• Structures
• Utilities
 Estimating leachate generation in
active landfill
LA = P + S – E – WA
LA = leachate from active area
P = precipitation
S = pore squeeze liquid from waste
E = evaporation
WA = waste moisture adsorption
(all in units of L3/T)
 Landfill Leachate Collection System Installation (Note: Geo-
membrane and Drainage Material)

Welding Sheets of HDPE Geomembrane Booting Leachate Collection Pipes

for Landfill Liner to Landfill Liner
 GAS COLLECTION SYSTEM
• Calculate annual gas production (peak) using
Land GEM
• Pick type of system (passive, active, vertical,
horizontal, combination)
• Layout wells
• Size blowers
• Calculate condensate
• Prepare gas monitoring plan
• NSPS calculations using default values
PREPARATION OF DESIGN PACKAGE
• Development of preliminary site plan of fill areas
• Development of landfill contour plans
– Excavation plans (including benches), sequential fill
plans,
– completed fill plans, fire, litter, vector and noise controls
• Computation of solid waste storage volume, soil
requirement volumes, and site life
• Development of final site plan showing:
– Normal fill areas, special working areas, leachate
controls, gas controls, surface water controls, access
roads, structures, utilities, fencing, lighting, wash racks,
monitoring wells, landscaping
Cond..
• Preparation of elevation plans with cross-sections
– Excavated fill, completed fill, phase development of
fill al interim points
• Preparation of construction details
– Leachate controls, gas controls, surface water controls,
access roads, structures, monitoring wells
• Preparation of ultimate land use plan
• Preparation of cost estimate
• Preparation of design report
• Preparation of environmental impact assessment
• Submission of application and obtaining required permits
• Preparation of operator's manual
 CONSIDERATION OF FINAL SITE USE
• The final use of the landfill must be considered during
the design phase in order to provide for the best use of
the property.
• Good planning at the earliest possible stage will
minimize costs and maximize the site's usefulness after
closure.
• Most full landfills are used for recreational purposes,
such as golf courses, nature preserves, or ski hills.
• Consideration must also be given to compatibility with
existing land forms, settlement allowances, and drainage
patterns.