ISSUES CONCERNING THE POLITICS OF KINSHIP

1. POLITICAL DYNASTY -generally refer to

families whose members are involved in
politics.

-refer to the concentration, consolidation and/or

perpetuation of public office and political
powers by persons related to one another
within the second degree of consanguinity of
affinity.
 POLITICAL DYNASTY
Can occur in two ways:
1. One way is for members of a family to occupy a
certain government position in every term.
If the politician’s term is over and a relative of
that politician gets elected for the same positions,
that family can be labelled as a political dynasty.

2. The second way is for a number of family

members to occupy government positions at the
same time.
ISSUES CONCERNING THE POLITICS OF KINSHIP
2. POLITICAL ALLIANCE-a relationship between people,
groups, or states that have joined for mutual benefit or
to achieve some common purpose, whether or not
explicit agreement has been worked out among them.

(often for purposes of contesting an election. They intend

to mutually benefit from the alliance by collectively
clearing elections thresholds, taking advantage of the
voting system, or forming a government after
elections.)

-also referred to as political coalition or political bloc

ISSUES CONCERNING THE POLITICS OF KINSHIP
3. PADRINO SYSTEM- the practice among those
with power or influence of favoring relatives
(nepotism) or friends (cronyism)

4. POLITICAL ACTIVISM – the way people

participate or get involved in various political
processes to promote, impend, and raise
awareness of an issue.
 POLITICAL ORGANIZATION
The government or the political
institution is another institution that
is universal.

Political institution is defined as the

system of norms, values, and roles
responsible for maintaining social
order in the society.
KINSHIP BY MARRIAGE
 MARRIAGE
IS A FORMAL AND LEGAL UNION OF TWO PEOPLE
AS PARTNERS IN LIFE.

IS A LEGALLY RECOGNIZED SOCIAL CONTRACT

BETWEEN TWO PEOPLE, TRADITIONALLY BASED
ON SEXUAL RELATIONSHIP, AND IMPLYING A
PERMANENCE OF THE UNION.

IT IS THE UNIVERSAL SOCIAL INSTITUTION THAT

PROMOTES PROCREATION AND ESTABLISHES THE
BONDS THAT ARE THE BASIS OF THE
HOUSEHOLD, FAMILY, AND KINSHIP SYSTEM.
 MARRIAGE
 GIVES THE OFFSPRING A POSITION IN
SOCIETY AS HE OR SHE MAY BE CATEGORIZED
AS LEGITIMATE SON OR DAUGHTER.

IT ESTABLISHES CONTINUING CONNECTIONS

BETWEEN THE KIN OF EACH PARTY.

IT IS ALWAYS SYMBOLICALLY MARKED IN

SOME WAY, USUALLY A PUBLIC CEREMONY.
 CROSS- CULTURAL MARRIAGE
IS A MARRIAGE BETWEEN
TWO PEOPLE FROM
DIFFERENT CULTURES.
IN MARRYING A PERSON
FROM THE SAME COUNTRY,
DISTINCT DIFFERENCES IN
FAMILY LIFE, VALUES,
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT,
IDEAS. THE WAYS OF LIVING
ALREADY EXIST.
 FORMS OF MARRIAGE
1. MONOGAMY IS THE PRACTICE OF HAVING
ONLY ONE SPOUSE AT ONE TIME.

2 TYPES OF MONOGAMY
-Serial Monogamy- it is the possibility of
remarriage caused by divorce or death.
-Non- Serial monogamy- the question of
remarriage does not arise from either of a
couple. A spouse has the same single mate
throughout his or her life
 KINDS OF NON-SERIAL MARRIAGE
A. SOCIAL MONOGAMY – TWO PERSONS/ CREATURES
THAT LIVE TOGETHER, HAVE SEX WITH ONE
ANOTHER, AND COOPERATE IN ACQUIRING BASIC
RESOURCES SUCH AS FOOD, CLOTHES, AND MONEY.
B. SEXUAL MONOGAMY- TWO PERSONS/ CREATURES
THAT REMAIN SEXUALLY EXCLUSIVE WITH ONE
ANOTHER AND HAVE NO OUTSIDE SEX PARTNERS.
C. GENETIC MONOGAMY- TWO PARTNERS THAT ONLY
HAVE OFF SPRING WITH ONE ANOTHER.
D. MARITAL MONOGAMY- MARRIAGES OF ONLY TWO
PEOPLE
 FORMS OF MARRIAGE
1. POLYGAMY – IS A GREEK WORD MEANING
“THE PRACTICE OF MULTIPLE MARRIAGE.

-IT IS A MARRIAGE PATTERN IN WHICH AN

INDIVIDUAL IS MARRIED TO MORE THAN
ONE PERSON AT A TIME.
 2 TYPES OF POLYGAMY
-POLYGYNY – IT IS THE PRACTICE OF MARRYING
MULTIPLE WOMEN OR HAVING MULTIPLE
WIVES.

-POLYANDRY- IT IS THE PRACTICE OF MARRYING

MULTIPLE MEN OR HAVING MULTIPLE
HUSBANDS.
SELECTION OF MARRIAGE PARTNERS
1. ENDOGAMY- REFERS TO THE NORM WHICH
DICTATES THAT ONE SHOULD MARRY WITHIN
ONE’S CLAN OR ETHNIC GROUP. PARENTS
MAY ARRANGE TO HAVE THEIR CHILDREN
WITHIN THE RELIGIOUS GROUP, LOCALITY, OR
SOCIAL CLASS.
2. EXOGAMY- PRESCRIBES THAT ONE CAN
MARRY OUTSUDE ONE’S CLAN OR ETHINIC
GROUP
SELECTION OF MARRIAGE PARTNERS
The Levirate and Surrogate Norms are being
observed by some society.

LEVIRATE NORMS prescribes that a widow marry

the brother or the nearest kin of the deceased
husband.
SURROGATE NORMS prescribes that men should
marry the sister or nearest kin of the deceased
wife.
These norms are being observed to keep or
maintain the wealth and power within the
family and allow the socialization of its members
to go on.
 POST-MARITAL RESIDENCY RULES
PATRILOCAL TAKES PLACE WHEN A NEWLY-MARRIED COUPLE ESTABLISHES
THEIR HOME NEAR OR IN THE GROOM’S FATHERS’S HOUSE

MATRILOCAL OCCURS WHEN A NEWLY-MARRIED COUPLE ESTABLISHES

THEIR HOME NEAR OR IN THE BRIDE’S MOTHER’S HOUSE

AVUNCULOCAL TAKES PLACE WHEN A NEWLY-MARRIED COUPLE SETS THEIR

HOME NEAR OR IN THE GROOMS’S MATERNAL UNCLE’S
HOUSE

AMBILOCAL OCCURS WHEN A NEWLY-MARRIED COUPLE HAS THE CHOICE

OF LIVING WITH OR NEAR THE GROOM’S OR THE BRIDE’S
FAMILY

NEOLOCAL TAKES PLACE WHEN A NEWLY-MARRIED COUPLE ESTABLISHES

THEIR HOME INDEPENDENT FROM BOTH SETS OF RELATIVES
 FAMILY BASED ON INTERNAL
ORGANIZATION OR MEMBERSHIP
1. NUCLEAR FAMILY (PRIMARY OR ELEMENTARY
FAMILY)- COMPOSED OF A HUSBAND AND
HIS WIFE AND THEIR OFFSPRING IN UNION
RECOGNIZED BY THE OTHER MEMBERS OF
THE SOCIETY
- IS THE SMALLEST UNIT RESPONSIBLE FOR THE
PRESERVATION OF THE VALUE SYSTEM OF
SOCIETY.
 FAMILY BASED ON INTERNAL
ORGANIZATION OR MEMBERSHIP
2. EXTENDED FAMILY- COMPOSED OF TWO OR MORE
NUCLEAR FAMILIES, ECONOMICALLY AND SOCIALLY
RELATED TO EACH OTHER.
-THE EXTENSIONS MAY BE THROUGH PARENT-CHILD
RELATIONSHIPS, WHEN THE UNMARRIED CHILDREN
AND THE MARRIED CHILDREN WITH THEIR
FAMILIES LIVE WITH THE PARENTS.
-ANOTHER TYPE OF EXTENSION IS THROUGH THE
HUSBAND AND WIFE RELATIONSHIP, AS IN
POLYGAMOUS MARRIAGE.
-IN POLYGAMY, THE MAN KEEPS A NUMBER OF
NUCLEAR FAMILIES AND UNITES THEM UNDER A
LARGER FAMILY GROUP.
 FAMILY BASED ON INTERNAL
ORGANIZATION OR MEMBERSHIP
3. RECONSTITUTED OR BLENDED FAMILY- A
TYPE OF FAMILY IS FORMED OUT OF
ANOTHER RELATIONSHIP, OTHERWISE
KNOWN AS A STEP-FAMILY
 KINSHIP BY RITUAL
• Anthropologist and ethnographers sometimes
call kinship by ritual as fictive kinship. The
word means "fake" or "created by
imagination."

• This type of kinship is not false, but it is just

that in this type of kinship, relationships
among individuals are based neither on blood
ties nor by marriage.
 KINSHIP BY RITUAL
• refers to relationships among individuals who
recognize their associations and obligations
despite the absence of blood or marriage bonds.
Fictive kinship may tie people together in ties of
affection, concern, obligation, and responsibility.

• Examples include adopted or surrogate families,

brotherhood, sororities, or peer groups.
 EXAMPLES OF RITUAL KINSHIP
1. COMPADRAZGO A RELIGIOUS RITE OF SPONSORSHIP IN CHURCH
CEREMONIES SUCH AS MARRIAGE, BAPTISM AND
CONFIRMATION

2. BLOOD BROTHERHOOD A SOCIOLOGICAL CUSTOM WHERE TWO BIOLOGICALLY

UNRELATED PERSONS OR GROUPS ESTABLISH A CLOSE
RELATIONSHIP THAT WHICH EXISTS BETWEEN TWO
TRUE BROTHERS BY A VARIETY OF CEREMONIES AND
METHODS OF BLOOD-LETTING

3. ADOPTION THE PROCESS WHEREIN A NON-KIN IS INCORPORATED

INTO THE KIN GROUP EITHER TRADITIONALLY OR
LEGALLY
FUNCTIONS OF RITUAL KINSHIP ACCORDING TO TYPE
COMPADRAZGO -IT HELPS FORMALIZE TIES OF FRIENDSHIP
-IT IS THE TERM USED TO REFER TO INFLUENTIAL INDIVIDUALS
FOR THE FAMILY
-IT MAY BE USED TO EXTEND NUMERICALLY THE NUMBER OF
RITUALLY-RELATED KIN, OR REINFORCE OR INTENSIFY ALREADY
EXISTING BLOOD RITUAL TIES

BLOOD -IT CEMENTS AN ALREADY BOND OF FRIENDSHIP

BROTHERHOOD -IT PROVIDES MUTUAL OR RECIPROCAL AID PACT

ADOPTION -IT SERVES AS A WAY FOR PRESERVING FAMILY LINEAGE,

ENABLING THE CONTINUATION OF ANCESTOR WORSHIP,
CREATING POLITICAL ALLIANCES AND ENSURING CARE FOR
ADOPTIVE PARENTS IN THEIR OLD AGE
-IT IS UNDERTAKEN TO PRIMARILY PROVIDE A HOME FOR
CHILDREN DEPRIVED OF PARENTAL CARE
-IT IS ALSO A WAY TO SATISFY THE DESIRES OF INDIVIDUALS OF
COUPLES TO CARE FOR AND REAR A CHILD