M.

SUPRAJA RANI
I MDS
 CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 HIISTORY
 CLASSIFICATION OF DENTURE BASE RESINS
 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
 HEAT ACTIVATED RESINS
 CHEMICALLY ACTIVATED RESINS
 MANIPULATION AND ACRYLIZATION TECHNIQUES
 LIGHT ACTIVATED RESINS
 MICROWAVE CURED RESINS
 TRAY MATERIALS
 DENTURE LINERS
 RECENT ADVANCES
 CONCLUSION
 REFERENCES
INTRODUCTION

 As aptly said that for a strong building we need

a sound foundation,
similarly for fabricating long lasting,
esthetically and biologically acceptable dentures

we need a favorable denture base

HISTORY

During medieval times

dentures were hand
carved and tied in place
with silk threads.

the first dental prosthesis is

believed to have been
constructed in Egypt about
2500 BC.
 WOOD
 Wooden dentures:

Disadvantages –
-esthetic and
hygienic challenges

-degradation in oral
environment
believed to be carved out of
box wood in 1538 by
Nakoka Tei a Buddhist priest
 bone

Fauchard fabricated dentures by
measuring individual arches with a
compass and cutting bone to fit the
arches

ADVANTAGES :
better dimensional stability than
wood, esthetic and hygienic
concerns remained
 IVORY

Denture bases and prosthetic teeth were
carved in this material to desired shape

ADVANTAGES :
• Relatively stable in the oral
environment
• Esthetic and Hygienic

DISADVANTAGES:
• Not available readily
• Relatively expensive.
PORCELAIN
1788 A.D.
development of porcelain
dentures by De Chemant

G.Fonzi an Italian dentist in

Paris invented the Porcelain teeth
that revolutionized the
construction Of dentures
1830,porcelain teeth of Fonzi’s design
have been Soldered to a gold backing.
 GOLD BASE DENTURES
 1794
 John Greenwood made gold dentures for George Washington.
 VULCANITE
1839
CHARLES GOODYEAR discovered
VULCANIZATION of natural rubber
with sulphur

1864
NELSON GOODYEAR (brother of
Charles Goodyear) got the patent for
vulcanite dentures
Vulcanite dentures were very
popular until the 1940s
 BAKELITE
 1909
 Dr. Leo Backeland formed BAKELITE by heating and
compressing a mixture of phenol and formaldehyde

 Disadvantages:
 Lack of uniform quality
 Variable strength & color
 Dimensional instability
POLYVINYL CHLORIDE
 1930
 Flexible
 Mouth guards and denture liners
 Drawbacks – distortion , discoloration
 Polymethyl methacrylate
 1937
 By Dr. Walter Wright and Vernon brothers
CLASSIFICATION OF DENTURE BASE POLYMERS
According to ISO 1567
TYPE CLASS DESCRIPTION

1 1 Heat-processing polymers (powder and liquid)

1 2 Heat-processed (plastic cake)

2 1 Autopolymerised polymers (powder and liquid)

2 2 Autopolymerised polymers (powder and liquid pour type

resins)
3 - Thermoplastic blank or powder

4 - Light-activated materials

5 - Microwave-cured material

Applied dental materials, 9th Edition, John .F.Mc Cable & Angus W.G. Walls
 CLASSIFICATION
 According to mode of polymerization:

Addition polymer : polymethyl methacrylate

polyvinyl chloride

Condensation polymer : Bakelite

nylon
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
 Polymerization shrinkage:

 When the monomer is polymerized to form polymethylmethacrylate ,

density INCREASES and results in DECREASE volume -
VOLUMETRIC SHRINKAGE

 The volumetric shrinkage for heat cure resins : approximately 7%

 This doesn’t effect denture base adaptation significantly becoz,

shrinkage is distributed uniformly to all surfaces
LINEAR SHRINKAGE :

• Thermal shrinkage in heat activates

resins causes linear shrinkage

• Show effect on denture base

adaptation and cuspal
interdigitation

• the linear shrinkage higher the

discrepancy in the initial fit of the
denture

LINEAR SHRINKAGE for various commercial denture resins – 0.12% to 0.97%

 For a volumetric shrinkage of 7% , an acrylic denture base should
exhibit linear shrinkage of approximately 2%

 Chemically activated resins – very less linear shrinkage ,

polymerization shrinkage &
better denture base adaptation
 POROSITY
 Surface and sub surface voids affect the physical, aesthetic properties of the
denture

 Location :
likley to develop in thicker portions of a denture base

Sections nearer to the Sections near the surface

centre of investment mass of metal flask
 porosity

Properly Small subsurface Large voids

voids Large , irregular
polymerized
voids
 REASONS:
1. Rapid heating. It produces relatively small subsurface voids
 HOW TO PREVENT :
 controlled heating rates, long curing cycle is advised

2. inadequate mixing of polymer and monomer:

produces large voids resulting from localized polymerizaion
HOW TO PREVENT:
 proper polymer-to-monomer ratio
 controlled mixing procedures
 packing should be done only after the material reaches dough stage
3. Inadequate pressure:
 produces relatively large and irregular voids, not spherical in shape
 The resultant resin appears lighter and more opaque than its actual color

4. Air inclusions :
 Most commonly associated with fluid resins
 Due to air inclusions incorporated during mixing and pouring
 HOW TO PREVENT :
 careful mixing, spruing and venting
Water absorption
 Water sorption of polymethyl methacrylate : 0.69 mg/sq.cm

 Effect of water on polymerized mass :

 causes slight expansion
 Water molecules interfere with polymer chains – act as Plasticizer
 Relaxation of stresses while polymerization

 According to ADA specification number 12 weight gain after immersion for

7 days should not be greater than 0.8 mg / sq.cm
 SOLUBILITY
 Denture bases are soluble in variety of liquids
 Insoluble in oral fluids

 According to ADA specification NO : 12

 Weight loss must not be < 0.04 mg/sq.cm

 Addition of cross linking agents to the resin prevents solubility of

resin
 CRAZING

 Stress relaxation can cause surface flaws or micro cracks called as

CRAZING

 Small linear cracks from inside of denture

 Hazy or foggy appearance

 Resaon :
 Stress relaxation
 Dissolution by a solvent ( prolonged contact with ethyl alcohol)
 Tensile stresses
 HOW TO PREVENT : use of cross linked resins and cross linked resin
teeth
 HEAT ACTIVATED RESINS
COMPOSITION :

COMPONENTS FUNCTION
Pre polymerized Poly Methyl
Methacrylate ( PMMA) polymer
POWDER
Benzoyl Peroxide (0.5%) Initiator

Di butyl phthalate Plasticizer

Salts of cadmium or iron or
organic dyes pigments

Methyl Methacrylate monomer

LIQUID
Hydroquinone (>1%) Inhibitor

Glycol dimethacrylate (10%) Cross linking agent

CROSS LINKING OF METHYL METHACRYLTE
 HEAT ACTIVATED RESINS
TECHNIQUES OF FABRICATION:

Compression molding technique Injection molding technique

COMPRESSION MOLDING TECHNIQUE

Wax up of denture 1 st pour

2 nd pour Closed flask

DEWAXING - Mold cavity free of
residual waxes
In boiling water for
4 minutes
Wax solvent
SEPARATING MEDIUM

GC COE-SEP GC Multi-SEP DPI cold mould seal

 MANIPULATION OF RESIN
POWDER-T0-MONOMER RATIO

• Accepted polymer-to-monomer ratio

- 3:1 by volume

• Following correct polymer-to-

monomer ratio

• sufficient monomer to wet the polymer

• Does not contribute to excess monomer

• Less polymerization shrinkage

(approx 6%)
MANIPULATION

5 distinct stages :

Sandy stage Dough stage

Stringy stage

Rubbery or elastic Stiff stage

 SANDY STAGE :
 Little or no interaction
 Consistency : COARSE or GRAINY

 STRINGY STAGE :
 Monomer attacks the surface of polymer beads
 Polymer chains uncoil , increasing viscosity of the mix
 CONSISTENCY : STRINGY or STICKY
 DOUGH STAGE :
 More no of polymer chains are dissolved in monomer
 Large no of undissolved polymer also remains
 Therefore, behaves as a pliable dough

 CONSISTENCY : the resin is no longer tacky and doesn’t stick to the

walls of the mixing vessel
 The latter phases of this stage are ideal for compression molding.
 RUBBERY OR ELASTIC :
 Monomer penetrates in to remaining polymer beads
 monomer evaporates further
 The mass no longer flows and rebounds when stretched or compressed

 STIFF STAGE :
 Upon standing for longer period , monomer evaporates and the mass
becomes stiff
 The mix appears very dry, and is resistant to mechanical deformation
 TYPES OF POLYMERIZATION
CONDENSATION POLYMERIZATION
ADDITION POLYMERIZATION or STEP-GROWTH

 Monomers are activated all at a time,  Chains grow by stepwise linking of

added together in a sequence to form bifunctional monomers
a growing chain  Most of the times produces alow
 Most of the dental resins are mol.wt by product like water or
polymerized by addition reaction alcohol
chemical stages of polymerization

INDUCTION • ACTIVATION
• INITIATION
PROPAGATION

CHAIN TRANSFER

TERMINATION
 INDUCTION
ACTIVATION INITIATION

 Free radicals are produced by  The free radicals bond to one side of
activation of a chemical activator, the monomer molecule and forms a
heat, visible light, UV light new free radical site at the other end

 Activation of benzoyl peroxide

occurs between 50 to 60 degrees
and releases 2 free radicals per 1
molecule
 PROPAGATION
 The resulting free radical – monomer
complex now acts as a new free
radical centre

 It can add successively to a large no

of molecules so that the
polymerization process continues

 Once chain growth begins evolution

of heat occurs , leading to large no of
polymer chains
 CHAIN TRANSFER
 The active free radical of a growing chain is transferred to another molecule

Free radical approaches

Propagating chain interacts with a
methyl methacrylate
passivated chain
monomer and donates H
atom
 TERMINATION
 2 Types of termination reactions:
• Coupling of two free radical
chain ends to form a covalent
bond
• Exchange of hydrogen atom
from one growing chain to
another.
• A new double bond is formed
on the molecule that donates
H atom
PACKING

Application of separating Resin folded in to

museum horse shoe shaped

Trial closure pressure : 1500 psi

Final closure : < 3500 psi

Flask assembly is placed under

a flask press
 BENCH CURING: 30 minutes

 Permits equalization of pressure

throughout the mould

 Allows time for uniform dispersion of

monomer throughout the mass

 Longer exposure of resin teeth to the

monomer, therefore better bonding of
teeth with the denture base
 POYMERIZATION CYCLES

74ºC For 9 hrs or

longer with no 74C for 8 hrs At 74ºC for 2
terminal boiling & increased hrs & then
point to 100C for 1 to 100ºC for
hr 1 hr

LONG CURING CYCLES SHORT CURING CYCLE

 polymerization reaction
 Above 60 degrees celcius

 Decomposition of benzoyl peroxide

 Production of free radicals

 Acts rapidly with monomer – initiation of polymerization

 Additional monomer molecules attach to individual polymer – chain growth

 Termination

Coupling of 2 Transfer of H ion from

polymer chains one chain to another
 EQUIPMENT FOR INJECTION MOLDING TECHNIQUE ( IVOCAP System)

Ivocap flask
Pressure apparatus

Clamping press Polymerization bath

( pressure 3 tonn)
 injection molding technique

Placement of sprues for Flasking

resin entry After wax elimination

IVOCAP predosed Injection of resin & flask placed Placing into water bath
into clamping press
capsules
 ADVANTAGES : DISADVANTAGES :

 Controlled polymerization • High cost of equipment

• Difficult mould design

 reduces the risk of increase in
vertical dimension.
• Special flasks and equipment is
 good physical properties
required

 high degree of homogeneity

 No mixing or dosing errors due to

predosed, encapsulated material.

 prevent direct skin contact with

monomers.
COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE HEAT CURE RESINS

DPI heat cure

Acralyn- H Dentsply Trevalon

Pro Base-Hot Triplex Hot SR
Ivocap Hot Ivocap High impact
 CHEMICALLY ACTIVATED RESINS
COMPOSITION

COMPONENT FUNCTION

PolyMethyl polymer
POWDER Methacrylate

Benzoyl peroxide initiator

Salts of cadmium or
iron or organic dye pigments

Methyl Methacrylate monomer

LIQUID N N’-di-Methyl-para-
Toluidine activator
Glycol dimethacrylate cross linking agent
 INITIATION OF POLYMERIZATION
Chemically activated resins Heat activated resins

DIMETHYL-
PARA- ACTIVATOR HEAT
TOLUIDINE

+
BENZOYL
PEROXIDE BENZOYL
PEROXIDE

FREE RADICALS FREE RADICALS

 CHEMICALLY ACTIVATED RESINS
 ADVANTAGES
 Slightly less shrinkage
 Greater dimensional accuracy
than heat cured resins
 DISADVANTAGES
 Greater amount of unreacted
monomer ( 3 -4 % free
monomer)causes:
 Decrease in transverse strength
 Potential tissue irritant &
compromising biocompatibility
 Inferior color stability than
heat cured
Techniques of fabrication

 Sprinkle-on method
 Finger adaptation dough method
 Fluid resin technique
sprinkle-on method
FINGER ADAPTATION METHOD
FLUID RESIN TECHNIQUE
 FLUID RESIN TECHNIQUE

ADVANTAGES: DISADVANTAGES:

• Improved adaptation to • Noticeable shifting of denture

underlying tissues teeth during processing

• Decreased damage to denture • Air entrapment

during deflasking
• Poor bonding between
• Reduced material cost denture base and teeth

• Simple flasking, deflasking and

finishing of dentures
LIGHT ACTIVATED DENTURE BASE MATERIAL
COMPOSITION

Urethane dimethacrylate - forms matrix

Microfine sillica - filler

High mol. weight acrylic -

monomer

Acrylic resin beads - organic filler

Camphorquinone - initiator
 commercially available light cure denture base resins

TRIAD denture base TRIAD CUSTOM TRAY

material original (blue)
• Denture base
• Custom tray fabrication
applications,
• Excellent adaptation
• Custom tray,
• Easy handling
• Orthodontic appliance
 TRIAD TRU TRAY material (white)

• For custom tray fabrication

• Thicker and larger sheets than blue

LIGHT CURING UNITS
 MICROWAVE CURING resins

 NISHII (1968) first used microwave energy to

polymerise denture base resin in a 400 watt microwave
oven for 2.5 mins

 Later carried on by KIMURA et al(1983) and DE CLERK

 COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE

FRP FLASK for

microwave curing

GC ACRON MC

Nature-cryl MC
FLASKS – not made of metal

They are made of resin, high resistance

ceramic (neoceramic), or unbreakable
glass.

FRP FLASKS – Fiber Reinforced

Plastic flasks

INVESTING MATERIAL :

Conventional gypsum invesment

Heavy bodied sillicone material

 procedure
Coat the inner parts of the flask bolts and
nuts with petroleum jelly

Invest the cast and the waxed denture in

the lower part of the flask, and apply a
separating medium

Bolt the upper part of the flask to the lower

part and fill it with gypsum.
Before the gypsum sets, bolt the upper cap
on the flask

Place the flask in the microwave oven at full

power for 30 seconds to soften the wax.
clean thoroughly in boiling water with a
detergent
 place the opened flask, in the oven for 5
minutes at full power to dry the gypsum

Coat the gypsum with tinfoil substitute Pack

the acrylic resin as usual. After the last trial
pack, bolt the flask securely and place it in the
microwave oven.

After 15 to 20 minutes of curing, remove the

flask and let it cool.

Remove the bolts from the upper part of the

flask and separate it by using the ejector and a
small hammer .

the denture can be recovered and finished in

the usual manner.
Microwave polymerization of acrylic resins used in dental prostheses; J. P. De Clerck ; j prosthet dent; May
1987;vol57;650-657
 ADVANTAGES
 Least curing time – 3 min
 Reduced dough forming time
 Good colour stability
 Minimal residual monomer
ratio
 Good denture base
adaptation AND Stable
DISADVANTAGES
 Poor bonding to adjacent
teeth
 Increased porosity
 Expensive flasks
 Poor durability - flasks
 RELINING MATERIALS

Denture liner

Soft denture Hard denture

liner reliner
Auto polymerized silicone

Heat polymerized
silicone
Acrylic
Auto polmerized Permanent soft temporary soft
acrylic resin
liner liner (tissue
Heat polymerized
conditioner)
acrylic resin
 TISSUE CONDITIONERS

 A resilient denture liner resin placed in to a removable prosthesis fir a

short duration to allow time for tissue healing
- GPT 9

 Tissue conditioners contain butylmethacrylate monomer in the

liquid component. This is known to be a far less irritant substance than
methylmethacrylate.
 COMPOSITION
 Available as 3 component systems:

 POLYMER ( powder) :
 polyethyl methacrylate, polymethyl metacrylate,
sillicone rubber, poly ‘n’ propyl-methacrylate, poly’n’ butyl methacrylate

 MONOMER (liquid):
 Mixture of aromatic ester and ethyl alcohol

 LIQUID PLASTICIZER ( flow control):

 Butylphathalyl butylglycolate
APPLICATIONS :
 Treatment of irritated mucosa
 Dentures of patients after surgery
 To retain a temporary obturator
 As liners in surgical splints
 Also used as functional impression material
 classification
 Based on curing :
 self-cure – viscogel
 Heat cure- supersoft, molloplastB, lucisoft
 Light cured- clearfit LC

 Based on composition:
 Silicone elastomers
 Soft acrylic compounds
 Phthalate ester free compounds
 Polyolefin liners
 Fluoride containing liners

 Based on durability :
 Temporary or short term liners
 Definitive or long term liners
 Based on consistency:
 Hard denture liners – Ufigel hard C
 Soft denture liners - silicone based/
resin based
-self cured/
heat cured
 Based on availability :
 Home liners
 Tissue conditioners

 Based on water sorption :

 Hydrophillic – kooliner
 Hydrophobic – elite soft
 RECENT ADVANCES
 1. Reinforced resins :
a. High impact resins
b. Fiber-reinforced

 2. Hypoallergenic resins

 3. Resins with modified chemical structure

 4. Thermoplastic resins

 5. Enigma gum toning in denture bases

 HIGH IMPACT RESINS
 Rubber reinforced (butadiene-
styrene polymethyl methacrylate)

 particles grafted to MMA for better

bond with PMMA.

 CLINICAL APPLICATION:

 They are so-called because of greater

impact strength & fatigue
properties. Lucitone 199
 indicated for patients who drop their
dentures repeatedly
 e.g. parkinsonism, senility.
GC Nature- CRYL super impact
 FIBRE REINFORCED

 Fibre reinforcement result in a 100% strength increase over non-

reinforced (if there is proper bonding)

 METAL REINFORCEMENT: PROVIDES BEST REINFORCEMENTS

 DISADVANTAGES:
 1.UNESTHETIC
 2.EXPENSIVE
 3.POOR BONDING WITH ACRYLIC( PMMA)
 4.CORROSION PRONE
 CARBON/GRAPHITE FIBRE REINFORCEMENT:

 Carbon fibres (65-70 mm length, 5 % by weight & treated with silane

coupling agent) are placed during packing

 provides greatest reinforcement in terms of flexural strength

 Carbon/Graphite fibres are available as-chopped, continuous, woven,

braided & tubular
 ADVANTAGES:
 Increases flexural strength, impact strength
 prevents fatigue
 strengthens the resin

 DISADVANTAGES:
 Unesthetic because of black colour but this can be covered by an
opaquer.
 The polishing is difficult & also weakens the finished prosthesis
 POLYETHYLENE FIBER
REINFORCED

 Multifibered polyethylene strands

cut to 65 mm length & surface
treated with epoxy-resin (to
improve adhesion) are placed in
resin during packing

 They develop anisotropic

properties (i.e. increase strength
and stiffness in one direction)
 ADVANTAGES :
 highest impact strength
 high modulus of elasticity

 DISADVANTAGE :
 decreased transverse strength
 finishing and polishing is difficult
 does not bond well to resins
 HIGHLY DRAWN LINEAR POLYETHYLENE FIBERS (HDLPF) :

 Patterns of continuous parallel fibers provide maximum reinforcement

to both maxillary & mandibular bases

 horizontally positioned fibers in anterior part of labial flange & in

region immediately behind central incisors

 In mandible, maximum stresses appear in labial & lingual second

premolar region & fracture occurs in middle region

 Thus mandibular bases are reinforced with fibers at right angle to ridge
located close to polished & fitting surface
 ADVANTAGES :
 high tensile stiffness & strength
 cracks do not propagate through array of fibers.
 The coherence is maintained even after a large number of
testing cycles
 GLASS FIBRES (HAVE BEST
AESTHETICS)

 Continuous parallel fibers provide high

strength & stiffness in one direction
(anisotropic)

 while randomly oriented fibers provide

similar properties in all directions (isotropic
properties)

 chopped fibers mixed with denture base

acrylic resin enhance isotropic mechanical
properties

 6 mm chopped glass fibers with 5% fiber in

combination with injection moulding
technique result in increase in transverse
strength, elastic modulus& impact strength.
 ADVANTAGES:
 flexural properties
 fatigue resistance
 best aesthetics
 excellent polishing characteristics
 resist extreme temperature, moisture, oil
 E-GLASS FIBRES:
 Each strand of this E-glass is
computer impregnated with a
PMMA (porous polymer) and
silane coupler that allows
dissoloution bonding to acrylic
 (e.g. Preat Perma Fiber )
 ADVANTAGES:
 Available in two forms (mesh &
fiber)
 transluscent providing esthetics
 Due to glass ,fiber bonding, they
also have more strength
 COMPARISON OF IMPACT STRENGTH OF RESINS
REINFORCED WITH DIFFERENT FIBERS:

 HDL polythene fibres >Polyethylene > glass >carbon >

unreinforced
 HYPOALLERGENIC RESINS:
 Diurethane dimethacrylate
 Polyurethane
 Polyethylenterephthalate and Polybutylenterephthalate
 Hypoallergenic denture base materials exhibit significantly lower
residual monomer content than PMMA, thus act as an alternative in
allergic patients

 Enterephthalate based (Promysan, thermoplastic) show low water

solubility than PMMA

 Light activated indirect composite containing urethane dimethacrylate

(UDMA) is an alternative to PMMA for patients hypersensitive to
PMMA
 RESINS WITH MODIFIED CHEMICAL STRUCTURES:

 hydroxyapatite fillers ----------------- increases fracture toughness

 Al2O3 fillers---------- increases the flexural strength & thermal diffusivity

 2% quaternary ammonium compound ---------- antiseptic properties

 used for geriatric patients to improve their oral health

 Ceramic ---------------thermal diffusivity

 11-14% bismuth or uranium or 35% of an organo-zirconium compound ----

radiopacity equivalent to that of aluminium
 THERMOPLASTIC RESINS:
 fully polymerised basic material
softened by heat without chemical
changes

 MATERIALS USED:
THERMOPLASTIC NYLON
THERMOPLASTIC ACETAL
THERMOPLASTIC ACRYLIC
THERMOPLASTIC
POLYCARBONATE
ADVANTAGES:

• excellent esthetics
• unbreakable ,flexible, light weight
• stable ,high fatigue endurance
• increased creep & wear resistance
• non porous: no bacterial growth but retains enough moisture to
keep it comfortable for gums
• can be relined and repaired
THERMOPLASTIC NYLON

 polyamide(valplast,flexiplast)
 translucent
 tissue colored clasps instead of
metal clasps
 unbreakable & lightweight
 flexible in nature
 difficult to polish and adjust
 not strong enough for normal
tooth borne rest seats
 eg: VALPLAST,
 LUCITONE FRS(more impact
resistance)
 THERMOPLASTIC ACETAL - POLYOXYMETHYLENE

 clasps engage first third of undercut----

-3-4 times more retention

 can be placed more gingivally--------

better aesthetics

 18 vita +3 pink shades-------

lifelike appearance
 metal clasps and bars can be replaced

 flexible and monomer free---------

hypoallergic

 teeth and clasps can be added on

exisisting denture bases
 cannot be used as major connector
 does not seal the base of the denture which allows the seepage of fluid

 APPLICATION :
 preformed clasp for RPDs
 partial denture framework
 provisional bridge
 occlusal splints
THERMOPLASTIC ACRYLIC

 good flexural and tensile strength

 decreased wear resistance
 poor impact resistance
 easy to polish
 repairable and relineable at chair side

 EXCEPTION:
 FLEXITE AND MP-a –highest impact resistance among acrylics
 very popular in bruxism and parkinsonism patients
THERMOPLASTIC POLYCARBONATE:
POLYMER OF BISPHENOL- A

 strong ,flexible and fracture resistant

 low wear resistant
 used as provisional crown and bridge

 CLINICAL ADVANTAGE :
 minimal residual monomer------can be used in allergic patients
 very little water absorption---------less smell and bacterial growth
 good adherence and coherence
 ENIGMA GUM TONING

 1) Custom shade matching

of natural gingival tissue
using ‘Enigma’ colour tones.
 2) Gives extra confidence to
patient in appearance of
their dentures.
 3) Available in Ivory, Light
Pink, Natural Pink, Dark
Pink & Light Brown.
 Different colors are mixed
to get the desired gum tone.
 BPS SYSTEM
 It is a “System consisting of series
of steps from impression
making, bite registration, Set
up of denture teeth,
polymerization and finishing to
delivery that are carried out
according to the clearly defined
BPS procedures using Ivoclar
Vivadent's devices and materials
Primary Impression:

ACCUDENT SYATEM:

• EDENTULOUS TRAYS
• SYRINGE MATERIAL
• TRAY MATERIAL

Completed impressions Syringe and tray material

 Tentative jaw relations:

Centric tray
 final impression and jaw relations:

Inraoral tracers

Final impressions

Bite registration
 Special features of BPS denture material:

 The denture is then processed using the

SR Ivocap injection moulding system.
 The system employs a Pressure / heat
polymerization procedure which achieves
an exceptionally high degree of
polymerization
 The pressure is maintained during the
whole polymerization procedure to
ensure continuous pressure and to
compensate for material shrinkage
 The vertical dimension is maintained and
high accuracy of fit is achieved
 homogeneous, bubble-free denture base
surface minimizes the risk of irritating the
mucous membrane
 conclusion
 ACRYLIC RESIN is a widely used polymer in dentistry and it has wide
variety of innovative modifications

 However the choice of material and the techniques should be based on

properties, purpose and the practicality of the clinical situation

 New materials and techniques help clinicians to provide quality care for
the patients
 references
 PHILLIPS’ science of dental materials- 11th edition – ANUSVICE

 Craig's Restorative Dental Materials- 12 th edition

 Applied dental materials, 9th Edition, John .F.Mc Cable & Angus W.G. Walls

 Evolution of denture base materials- S. K. Khindria, Sanjeev Mittal, Urvashi Sukhija, The Journal of
Indian Prosthodontic Society / April 2009 / Vol 9 / Issue 2

 Recent Advances and Future Perspectives for Reinforcement of Poly(methyl methacrylate)

Denture Base Materials: A Literature Review- Abdulrazzaq Naji Sa; Jafarzadeh Kashi Tb;
Behroozibakhsh Mc*; Hajizamani Hd; Habibzadeh Se

 COMPLETE DENTURES - THE BPS WAY- Dr. Abby Abraham Dr. Deepika Lakshmi R.