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Documente Cultură
TESTING
TECHNIQUES
Manan Depala
U17ME193
Gaurav Nigam
U17ME192
WHAT IS NDT?
1. VISUAL INSPECTION
2. DYE PENETRATION TEST
3. SONIC TEST
4. MAGNETIC PARTICLE TEST
5. RADIOGRAPHY TEST
6. EDDY CURRENT TEST
2. DYE PENETRANT INSPECTION
2. Magnetization
5. Demagnetization
MAGNETIC PARTICLE /MAGNAFLUX
INSPECTION
ADVANTAGES OF MAGNAFLUX
TEST
• Sub-surface cracks can be easily detected
• Almost any shaped and sized component can
be tested for defects
• Instruments are portable and easy to handle
• Highly sensitive method to detect small and
shallow surface cracks
DISADVANTAGES OF MAGNAFLUX
TEST
• Method is applicable only to ferromagnetic
materials
• Surface plating or thin paint coating affect the
sensitivity of the test
• After testing, demagnetization is a must
• Local heating and sparking is possible during
test hence proper care must be taken
4. RADIOGRAPHY
TEST
• NDT method that utilizes x-rays or gamma
radiation to detect discontinuities in materials,
and to present their images on recording
medium.
• This includes X-rays, gamma rays and radio-
isotopes. This method is used to check internal
cracks, defects in materials which are made by
casting, welding, forging.
• Nowadays, radiography techniques are finding
more extensive applications in the field of
physical metallurgy and in the treatment of
various diseases.
• Rays are absorbed by the materials through
which they are passed in the proportion of
their density. The rays, after passing through
the components, show a picture on a
fluorescent screen or on a photographic plate.
• The cracks, blow holes and cavities appear
lighter, whereas inclusions of impurities
appear darker than the metal component.
• Developed photographic film show lighter and
darker areas to represent the radiograph of
defects in the component.
ADVANTAGES OF RADIOGRAPHY
TEST
• X-ray radiography is highly sensitive, fast
method of finding defects
• X-ray radiography is suitable for various
applications due to its adjustable energy levels
• Gamma ray radiography has high penetrating
power hence can be used for more denser and
thicker materials
• A number of samples can be inspected at a
time by gamma ray radiography
DISADVANTAGES OF RADIOGRAPHY
TEST
• X-ray radiography can be applied for thinner
components due to its less penetrating power
• X-ray radiography allows only one component to
be tested at a time
• X-ray radiography involves high initial cost
• X-ray and gamma ray radiography involve
radiations which are hazardous to living beings
• Trained operators are required
6.EDDY CURRENT
TESTING
1. Basic Principle:- When coil carrying alternating
current is brought near metallic specimen, eddy
currents are developed in specimen due to
electromagnetic induction.
2. Magnitude of induced EMI depend on –
-Magnitude and frequency of alternating current
flowing in coil.
-Electrical conductivity of specimen.
-Magnetic permeability of specimen.
iv) Shape of specimen.
v)Relative positions of coil and specimen.
vi)Microstructure and hardness of Specimen.
vii)Amount and type of defects in the specimen.
ADVANTAGES
OF ECT
• Test is quick and less time consuming
• Test can be automated easily
• Permanent record of test results can be easily
available
• Test is versatile and can be used for various
applications
DISADVATNTAGES OF
ECT
• The instrument standardization and
calibration is necessary from time to time
• Instruments and display units are costly
• Test can be applied to components of limited
size and shape
REFERENCES
• www.wikipedia.com