Layout/Structure of an Automobile

Main Components of an
Automobile
Components Contd..
 The basic Structure or the frame work
 The Engine or power Plant or Source of Power
 The Power Train Or Transmission System
 The Body or Super Structure
 Auxiliaries
 Controls
The basic Structure (or) the frame work

 It is backbone of the vehicle made of steel with riveted

or welded cross members to give extra strength. It
supports the engine, body, wheels and other
components. It consists of
 Frame
 Suspension System
 Axles
 Wheels
 Frame
It is the foundation for carrying the engine and body of
the vehicle as well as steering, power train etc. These
frames are made of box, tubular or u shaped sections.
In order to withstand the shocks, blows, twists, and
the vibrations met during operation cross members
are used. The assembly of the vehicle with out body is
known as Chassis.
 Types of Frames
 Conventional Pressed Steel
Here all the mech components are attached to it and
body is superimposed on it. This is standard practice
for all commercial vehicles.
 Integral or frame less
Here the body is designed in such a way that to combine
the function of body and frame. Most of cars in recent
days are of this type.
Sections used in frame members
Suspension System
The suspension system actually takes the load given by all the
remaining parts of the vehicle not only load this is the
thing that absorbs the shocks too.
Types
 Conventional : The springs are attached to a rigid beam
axle. It is mostly used in the front axle of the commercial
vehicle and for remaining vehicle it will be at rear axle
 Independent : In this there is no rigid axle each wheel is
free to move vertically without any reaction to mating
wheel. It is mainly used in small car rear axle suspension.
Axles
 These are type of beams supported at the extreme ends
of vehicle at the front and rear the weight carrying
portions of the axle are loaded at two intermediate
points (the spring centres) and subjected to following
loads.
 The vertical load at the spring centre due to vehicle
weight
 Torque reactions due to drive or brakes
 The side thrust at the radius of the tyre due to
centrifugal force when rounding a curve.
Axles Contd
 Types of live rear axles
The Engine or power Plant or Source of Power

This is where we get all the power to run a vehicle. it

might be internal combustion engine or external
combustion engine. It is bolted through rubber blocks
on the chassis. These rubber blocks will prevent the
engine from shocks.

For better performance, safe working, along engine life

the engine requires cooling system, lubricating system,
ignition system, fuel system.
The Power Train Or Transmission System
This one carries the power from the engine to wheels of
the vehicle. It generally consists of a friction clutch,
gearbox providing three or four different ratios of
torque. A propeller shaft for transmitting the torque
out put from gear box to rear axle. A final gear
reduction in the rear axle and a differential gear for
distributing the final torque between wheels. In
certain cases clutch is replace by fluid flywheel.
Various components of the power train are : clutch,
gearbox, propeller shaft, universal joint, differential
gear.
The body or Super Structure
 In this part of the vehicle passengers ride and
protected from atmospheric effects. In case of
conventional pressed steel frame the body and can are
super imposed. For integral or frameless construction
there is no necessity of separate super structure.
Auxiliaries
 The various auxiliaries of an automobile are
Fuel System
Ignition System
Cooling System
And their components
Controls
 In order to keep a vehicle under perfect control for the
driver different type of controls are provided in an
automobile around drivers seat on the dash board and
foot board.
Controls in automobile
Steering, accelerator, clutch petal, foot brake pedal, hand
brake lever,wiper etc.