MONSOONS

MONSOON
• MONSOON –SEASON
• SEASONAL WINDS-WINDS THAT BLOW FROM A PARTICULAR
AREA TOWARDS A PARTICULAR REGION IN A PARTICULAR
DIRECTION
• SOUTHWEST MONSOON – SEA LAND
• NORTHEAST MONSOON _ LAND SEA
 INDIAN MONSOON
• INDIA IS LOCATED IN THE TRADE WIND BELT
• IT IS A DRY CONTINENTAL WIND BELT
• BUT FOR THE PHENOMENON OF MONSOON INDIA
WOULD HAVE BEEN A SEMI DESERT
 SOUTHWEST MONSOON
• DURING THE MONTH OF JUNE SUN IS ON THE TROPIC OF CANCER AND THE
TEMPERATURE IS HIGH IN THE NORTHERN PART OF INDIA
• DUE TO VERY HIGH TEMPERATURE AIR PRESSURE IS VERY LOW
• THIS LOWPRESSURE ZONE ATTRACTS THE WIND FROM THE SURROUNDING
INDIAN OCEAN
• SOUTH TRADE WINDS CROSS THE EQUATOR AND BLOW FROM SOUTHWEST
DIRECTION AND SO THEY ARE CALLED SOUTHWEST MONSOON WINDS.
• AS THEY MOVE FROM A VAST OCEAN PART THEIR RELATIVE HUMIDITY IS
90% AND GIVE RAINFALL TO INDIA
MECHANISM OF MONSOON
• DIFFERENTIAL HEATING AND COOLING OF
LAND AND WATER
• SHIFT IN THE POSITION OF ITCZ (Inter
tropical convergence Zone)
• HIGH PRESSURE OVER MADAGASCAR
• INTENSIVE HEATING OF TIBETIAN
PLATEAU
• JET STREAMS
 DIFFERENTIAL HEATING AND
COOLING OF LAND AND WATER
• LAND ABSORBS THE HEAT VERY FAST AND RELEASES THE
HEAT VERY FAST
• WATER ABSORBS THE HEAT VERY SLOW AND RELEASES
THE HEAT VERY SLOW
• SEA BREEZE AND LAND BREEZE
 POSITION OF ITCZ
• IN THE MONTH OF JUNE ITCZ IS LOCATED IN THE
TROPIC OF CANCER REGION
• INTENSIVE HEAT LEADES TO THE FORMATION OF
INTENSIVE LOW PRESSURE ZONE
• LOW PRESSURE TROUGH IS KNOWN AS MONSOON
TROUGH
 INTENSIVE HEATING OF
TIBETIAN PLATEAU
• AS A VAST LAND MASS,TIBETIAN PLATEAU
GETS INTENSELY HEATED DURING SUMMER
• IT RESULTS IN STRONG VERTICAL AIR
CURRENTS
• FORMATION OF LOWPRESSURE OVER THE
PLATAU
 HIGH PRESSURE OVER
MADAGASCAR
• THE PRESENCE OF THE HIGH PRESSURE AREA ,EAST OF
MADAGASCAR .
• THE INTENSITY AND POSITION OF THIS HIGH PRESSURE
AREA AFFECTS THE INDIAN MONSOON
 JET STREAMS
• FAST MOVING WINDS IN A NARROW ZONE IN THE UPPER ATMOSPHERE
• WESTERLY JETSTREAM HELPS IN ARRIVAL OF MONSOON-CAUSE AND
EFFECT RELATION BETWEEN WITHDRAWAL OF WESTERLY JET STREAM AND
SHIFT OF ITCZ
• EASTERLY JETSTREAM –HELPS IN SUDDEN OUTBREAK OF MONSOON
 SOUTHERN OSCILLATION
• Southern Oscillation, refers to the seesaw
relationship of atmospheric pressures between
Tahiti, south pacific island and Darwin,
Australia’
• INDIAN OCEAN PACIFIC OCEAN

SUMMER

WINTER
 ELNINO CURRENT
• WARM CURRENT ALONG THE PERUVIAN (Humboldt)COAST
ONCE IN TWO TO FIVE YEARS
• REPLACING PERUVIAN COLD CURRENT
• INCREASES TEMPERATURE OVER EAST PACIFIC COAST AND
WEAKENS TRADE WINDS

ELNINO
 BREAK OF MONSOON
• BREAK OF MONSOON-ONSET OF
MONSOON
• SUDDEN ARRIVAL OF MONSOON
 BREAK IN MONSOON
• BREAK IN MONSOON RAINFALL
• WET SPELLS ARE FOLLOWED DRY SPELLS
• REASONS
1. WHENEVER WINDS BLOW PARALLEL TO THE
COAST
2. POSITION OF ITCZ- MOVES TOWARDS
NORTH NO RAIN IN PLAINS MORE RAIN IN
HIMALAYAS