Common Skin and Scalp

Problems/conditions
1. ACNE
• common skin condition cause by bacteria
• Inflammation of the hair follicles & sebaceous glands with
papules and pustules
• Factors involved:
Hormones
Sebum
Abnormal keratinization
Keep the skin clean to prevent secondary infection
TX varies widely
 Black head

• Develops when the accumulating

mass of cells & sebum pushes
through the opening of the hair
follicle.

White head

• Is the accumulation of sebum

behind the blockage
 2. IMPETIGO

Described as scabby eruption

Caused by staphylococcus Aureus
 affects children, producing small blisters
containing pus that easily ruptures to form a thick,
yellowish crust
Transmitted through direct contact of skin and may
enter through abrasions or small breaks in the skin
 3. DECUBITUS ULCER

• Decubitus means to lie down

• It is also known as bed sore or
pressure ulcer
• Bedridden or those confined to
wheelchair usually suffers this.
 4. Rubeola or Measles
Can become dangerous because it can develop
into pneumonia and may even invade the
brain.
Transmitted through respiratory secretions &
is highly contagious.
Characterized as generalized, maculopapular,
erythematous rash.
KOPLIK’S SPOT seen inside the mouth are
PATHOGNOMONIC for measles
5. Rubella/ German measles

oIs a mild disease but can prove

dangerous if contracted during
pregnancy
oTransmitted via airborne droplet
emission from the upper respiratory
tract of active cases.
oRashes start in the face or at the back
of the ears.
6. VARICELLA or CHICKEN POX

Caused by varicella zoster virus

Mild disease if contracted during childhood
Begins with spots appearing in 2 or 3 waves,
mainly on the body and head & becoming
itchy raw pockmarks, small open sores which
heal mostly without scarring
Acquired by the inhalation of airborne
respiratory droplets from an infected host and
highly contagious
7. RING WORM
• Is a fungal infection that
produces patchy scaling and
inflammatory response in the
skin.

• Circular with raised edge and

in ancient times believed to be
caused by worms
 Tinea capitis

Jock Tinea
itch/tinea Types corporis
cruris

Tinea pedis
 Rash
• Any change in skin appearance
Pallor
Cyanosis
Jaundice
 Abrasions
oSuperficial layers of the skin are scraped or rubbed
away. Area is reddened & may have localized bleeding
or serous weeping.
It should be kept clean & dry
Do not wear rings/ jewelry
Lift, do not pull, a client across the bed
Use two or more people for assistance.
Dermatitis
 Eczema

• Inflammation
due to
overactive
immune system
Psoriasis

• an autoimmune condition
that can cause a variety
of skin rashes
 Ammonia dermatitis/
Dandruff diaper rash
Erythema Cellulitis
 Warts

• caused by virus that

infects skin & cause
the skin to grow
excessively
 Rosacea
• a chronic condition causing a red rash on the face
MELANOMA- Most dangerous type of skin
cancer results from sun damage.
Hirsutism- excessive hair growth.
(depilatories, shaving, electrolysis, tweezing)
Herpes-the viruses can cause periodic blisters or
skin irritation around the lips or the genitals.
Shingles( herpes zoster)- caused by chicken pox
virus & is painful rash on 1 side of the body. ( adult
vaccine can prevent shingles in most people)
SCABIES- TINY MITES THAT BURROW INTO THE SKIN
VITILIGO- PATCHES OF HYPO PIGMENTED SKIN CAUSED BY THE
DESTRUCTION OF MELANOCYTES IN THE AREA.
ALBINISM-IS THE COMPLETE OR PARTIAL LACK OF MELANIN
IN THE SKIN, HAIR , EYES
Hives- raised, red, itchy patches on the skin
that arise suddenly.