THE PROJECT

MANAGEMENT AND
INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY
CONTEXT
 Learning Objectives
• Describe the systems view of project management and how it
applies to information technology (IT) projects
• Understand organizations, including the four frames, organizational
structures, and organizational culture
• Explain why stakeholder management and top management
commitment are critical for a project’s success
• Understand the concept of a project phase and the project life
cycle, and distinguish between project development and product
development
• Discuss the unique attributes and diverse nature of IT projects
• Describe recent trends affecting IT project management, including
globalization, outsourcing, virtual teams, and agile project
management
 System Approach
• Systems philosophy is an overall model for thinking about things as
systems.
– Systems are sets of interacting components that work within an
environment to fulfill some purpose.
• Systems analysis is a problem-solving approach that requires
defining the scope of the system, dividing it into components, and
then identifying and evaluating its problems, opportunities,
constraints, and needs.
– Once this is completed, the systems analyst then examines alternative
solutions for improving the current situation; identifies an optimum,
or at least satisfactory, solution or action plan; and examines that plan
against the entire system.
• Systems management addresses the business, technological, and
organizational issues associated with creating, maintaining, and
modifying a system.
 The Three-Sphere Model for Systems
Management
• Business
• Organization
business
• Technology

Organisasi technology
 • What will the tablet project cost the college?
• What will it cost students?
• What will support costs be?
• What will the impact be on enrollments?

• Should the tablets be

• Will the tablet
based on Apple,
project affect all
Microsoft, Android, or
students, just
another system?
traditional students, business • What applications
or only certain
will be required?
majors?
• What will the
• How will the project
hardware
affect students who
specifications be?
already have tablets
organization technology • How will the tablets
or laptops?
affect various
• Who will develop
networks and speed?
special applications or
• Will more power
books for the tablets?
cords be required in
• Who will train
theclassroom?
students, faculty, and
staff?
 Understanding Organizations:
the four frame of organization
Structural: roles and Human resource:
responsibility, providing harmony
coordination and between needs of the
control  organizations and needs
organizational chart of people

Political: coalition Symbolic: symbols and

composed of varied meanings, related to
individuals and interest event. Culture,
groups. Conflict and language, traditions,
power are key issues and image
 Organizational Structures
• A Functional organizational structure is the hiearchy
most people think of when picturing an organizational
chart.
• A project organizational structure also is hierarchical,
but instead of functional managers or vice presidents
reporting to the CEO, program managers report to the
CEO.
– Their staffs have a variety of skills needed to complete the
projects within their programs.
• A matrix organizational structure represents the
middle ground between functional and project
structures.
A Functional organizational structural

CEO

VP
VP engineering VP IT VP HR
manufacturing

staff staff staff staff

A Project organizational structural

CEO

PM A PM B PM C

staff staff staff

A Matrix organizational structural
CEO

VP VP
PM VP IT VP HR
engineering manufacturing

Staff Staff Staff Staff Staff

1
PM A : 2 eng 3 ½ IT ½ HR
manufacturing

3
PM B : 5 eng 10 IT 1 HR
manufacturing

0
PM C : 1 eng 4 IT 1/5 HR
manufacturing
Organizational structure and its influences
on projects
Project Phases And The Project Life Cycle
 Product Life Cycles
• The waterfall life cycle model
• The spiral life cycle model
• The incremental build life cycle model
• The protoyping life cycle model
Product Life Cycles