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MFL is an NDT technique that uses magnetism to detect flaws in ferromagnetic materials like carbon steel. It works by magnetizing the material and detecting disturbances in the magnetic flux, known as flux leakage, caused by defects. There are different coils that can detect internal defects by measuring flux leakage inside the tube, external defects by measuring flux on the tube surface, or general wall losses by measuring decreases in the magnetic field strength. While fast, MFL is better for detection of flaws rather than precise sizing due to limitations in relating signal amplitude to defect size. It is commonly used to inspect components like heat exchangers, coolers, and storage tanks.
MFL is an NDT technique that uses magnetism to detect flaws in ferromagnetic materials like carbon steel. It works by magnetizing the material and detecting disturbances in the magnetic flux, known as flux leakage, caused by defects. There are different coils that can detect internal defects by measuring flux leakage inside the tube, external defects by measuring flux on the tube surface, or general wall losses by measuring decreases in the magnetic field strength. While fast, MFL is better for detection of flaws rather than precise sizing due to limitations in relating signal amplitude to defect size. It is commonly used to inspect components like heat exchangers, coolers, and storage tanks.
MFL is an NDT technique that uses magnetism to detect flaws in ferromagnetic materials like carbon steel. It works by magnetizing the material and detecting disturbances in the magnetic flux, known as flux leakage, caused by defects. There are different coils that can detect internal defects by measuring flux leakage inside the tube, external defects by measuring flux on the tube surface, or general wall losses by measuring decreases in the magnetic field strength. While fast, MFL is better for detection of flaws rather than precise sizing due to limitations in relating signal amplitude to defect size. It is commonly used to inspect components like heat exchangers, coolers, and storage tanks.
MAGNETISM Magnetism: It is the ability of matter to attract other matter to itself.
Using the magnetism property we inspect Ferromagnetic
materials by a technique Magnetic particle inspection(MPI)
MPI uses magnetic fields and small magnetic particles
(i.e. Iron filings) to detect flaws in components.
MPI is a relatively simple concept. It can be considered
as a combination of two non-destructive testing methods Magnetic flux leakage testing and Visual testing. Magnetic Flux Leakage:
MFL is an NDT technique used to detect pitting,
circumferential cracks, and wall losses in ferromagnetic tubes such carbon steel, nickel, and ferrous stainless steel.
The MFL method uses an array of sensors such that each
sensing field overlaps with its neighbour. The probability of detection of any flux leakage signal depends on the amplitude of that leakage field in relation to any noise signals. In other words, the signal to noise ratio is the primary factor governing detection. The probability of detection of any flux leakage signal depends on the amplitude of that leakage field in relation to any noise signals. Basic Principle: The principle of operation is based on magnetization. Two permanent magnets coupled to a steel core are used to magnetize the tube wall until complete saturation is reach. To that, three coils are added each one being sensitive to specific defects.
An absolute coil is winded around the core to measure the
magnetic field variation caused by general wall losses When a small flaw is located between the two magnets, the magnetic field in the tube wall is disturbed and a small amount of flux leak in to the inner tube.
This flux leakage is detected by differential coil located
between magnets. For Wall Loss Detection: Wall losses are detected with the absolute coil winded on the core of the magnetic circuit This coil measures the length on the magnetic field produced by the magnet When there is general thinning like an erosion, there is no flux leakage in the tube but the strength of the magnetic field reduces. This variation is detected by absolute coil. For OD Defect Detection:
Lead coil can detect this flux leakage because it is located
between the magnet, right in the middle of the magnetic circuit. Trail coil which is outside the magnetic circuit, cannot see the defect because there is no flux leakage inside the tube. For ID Defect Detection:
Lead coil can detect the flux leakage.
After the magnetic circuit passes the defect some residual magnetism remains on the defect. Trail coil will detect the residual magnetism and produces a signal output to the system. Limitation: The defect sizing capacity of MFL has some limitations the signal amplitude is affected by pulling speed variations and the signal has no phase component. This makes MFL more a detection method than a sizing one. Inspection is quite fast the pulling speed can go up to 1 m/s. Applications:
This technique is typically used for the inspection of