Conversion of Biomass to

Biofuels
Submitted by-
Nandita Doloi
PhD- School of energy science and engineering
Roll no- 18ES91R03
IIT Kharagpur
 Educational Background
• School: Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya, Lakhimpur
• Diploma: Electronics and Communication Engineering, at Central
Institute of Technology, Kokrajhar.
• B.tech: Chemical Engineering, at Sant Longowal Institute of
Engineering and Technology, Punjab.
• M.tech: Chemical Engineering, at Indian Institute of Technology
(BHU).
• PhD: Energy Science and Engineering, at IIT Kharagpur.
 Renewable Energy
• Solar energy
• Wind energy
• Geothermal energy
• Hydropower
• Ocean energy
• Hydrogen energy
• Bioenergy
 Biomass to liquid biocrude
• Different feed stocks available for bio crude oil:-
Algae, Lignocellular, Microalgae, waste yeast, food industry waste,
municipal and sewage waste, forest residue
• Different processes for conversion of biomass to bio crude oil:-
1. Biochemical conversion 2. Thermochemical conversion
Anaerobic digestion Pyrolysis
Fermentation Gasification- FT process
Hydrothermal liquification
 Pyrolysis Vs HTL
Pyrolysis HTL

High pressure and teamperature (350- High pressure and moderate

650)
Need drying in order to increase the
yield
Crude oil contain half the energy
density as compared to HTL
teamperature (200-400)
Does not required drying
Crude oil contain high energy density
and low heating value

Do not use catalyst Reaction involve catalyst to increase

yield.
Produce volatile products , extreme Produce 5-20 wt% of oxygen and
pyrolysis leaves carbon as residue renewable chemicals.
 Catalytic upgradation of biocrude
• Why is it required ?
 Homogeneous and heterogeneous catalyst to improve quality of
product and yield.
 It thermo chemically converted the biomass into hydrophobic
compound with low viscosity and high solubility.
 Depending on the processing conditions fuel can be upgraded into
transportation fuel such as diesel, gasoline or jet fuel.
 catalytic upgradation is also carried out for deoxygenation,
denitrogenation, desulfurization and decarboxylation.
 Catalysts used in catalytic upgradation
• Previously used catalysts include water-soluble inorganic compounds
and salts, including KOH and Na2CO3
• Transition metal catalysts using Ni, Pd, Pt, and Ru supported on
either carbon, silica or alumina and also Pt/MWCNT.
 Distillation of bio crude oil
 Bio diesel
 Gasoline
 Bio jet fuel:- Aviation fuel specifically consist C8-16 alkanes, alkenes and aromatic hydrocarbon.
It required high heating fuel and high energy density.
Some physical properties of Jet A fuel and Jet B fuel

Properities Jet A Jet B

Heating value (MJ/Kg) 44.65 (minimum) 42.8 (minimum)

Freezing point (C) -40 -60 (maximum)

Flash point (C) 51.1 Low flash point

Smoke point (mm) - 25 (minimum)

Density (kg/m3) 690 840

Auto ignition temperature 210 210

 Thoughtmap

1.Waste Catalyst
yeast Preparation Catalytic Catalytic
2.Food Distillati Character
(environmen HTL Upgradat
industry on ization
tally ion
waste friendly,
3.Sewage harsh less Biojet fuel
waste condition)

other than KOH and Na2CO3

THANK YOU