The Last

Person
Standing
English 206- Teaching English as a Second Language
English 206- Teaching English as a Second Language
English 207-Teaching English as a Second Language
English 206- Teaching English as a Second Language
English 207-Teaching English as a Second Language
English 206- Teaching English as a Second Language
English 207-Teaching English as a Second Language
English 207-Teaching English as a Second Language
English 207-Teaching English as a Second Language
English 207-Teaching English as a Second Language
English 206- Teaching English as a Second Language
Action Research, Teacher
Research, and Classroom
Research in Language
Teaching

English 206- Teaching English as a Second Language

Introduction
Kathleen M. Bailey compares and
contrasts these three terms.

 Action Research- actual research

 Teacher Research- who conducts it
 Classroom Research- the setting in
which the data are collected.

English 207-Teaching English as a Second Language

Contrast and Comparison of the Three Concepts

Language
Classroom
Research

Teacher Action
Research Research

English 207-Teaching English as a Second Language

Contrasts and Comparisons of the Three Concepts

Language Classroom Research

Classroom –centered research
“Research in second language learning
and teaching , all or part of whose data
are derived from the observation or
measurement of the classroom
performance of teachers and
students.” ( Long 1980, p. 3 )

English 206- Teaching English as a Second Language

Contrasts and Comparisons of the Three Concepts

Language Classroom Research

 Allwright’s- classroom research
concentrates on the inputs to the
classroom ( syllabus and teaching
materials) or from the outputs
from the classroom ( learner
achievement scores )

English 206- Teaching English as a Second Language

Contrasts and Comparisons of the Three Concepts

Teacher Research
 Research conducted by classroom
teachers
 Kincheloe ( 1991 ) – the idea of
teachers doing research was not
common when the experimental
approach was dominant, but it has
gained momentum in the past two
decades.
English 206- Teaching English as a Second Language
Contrasts and Comparisons of the Three Concepts

Teacher Research
 Brindley ( 1991 )- Teacher research
is often connected with the teacher
development and empowerment.
 Edge and Richrds ( 1993 ) “Teachers
Develop Teachers Research series
reports on language teaching
projects that take this stance.

English 206- Teaching English as a Second Language

Contrasts and Comparisons of the Three Concepts

Action Research
 Is an approach to collecting and
interpreting data that involves a
clear, repeated cycle of
procedures.

English 206- Teaching English as a Second Language

 Cycle of procedures in conducting an
Action Research
The researcher begins
by planning an action to
address a problem,
issue, or question in
his/her own context.

English 206- Teaching English as a Second Language

How do these concepts fit together?
1=Classroom research
conducted by teachers
Classroom using approaches other
Research Teacher
Research than action research.
1. 2. 2=Research conducted
4. 3.
by teachers outside of
classrooms using
Action
Research
approaches other than
conducted in action research
Classrooms
3=Action research
conducted by teachers
outside of classrooms
4=Classroom research
conducted by teachers
using action
researzzzzzch approach
English 206- Teaching English as a Second Language
What developments have occurred in
language classroom research?

 Chaudron ( 1988 ) identified the four main

areas of research

 1. teacher talk in second language classroom

 2. learner behavior in second language classroom
 3. teacher and student interaction in second language
 4. learning outcomes

English 206- Teaching English as a Second Language

Classroom research on teacher cognition
-It investigates how teachers think
about their work, what skilled decision
making goes into effective teaching and
how novice teachers’ thinking and
teaching expertise develop overtime.
( See Wood in 1990 for a review)

English 206- Teaching English as a Second Language

The Globalization of language
classroom research
-It investigates how teachers think
about their work, what skilled decision
making goes into effective teaching and
how novice teachers’ thinking and
teaching expertise develop overtime.
( See Wood in 1990 for a review )

English 206- Teaching English as a Second Language

Washback studies in language
classrooms
 Loosely defined as the as the effects
of testing on teaching and learning –
has been studied in many parts of the
world.
 Much of the classroom research was
conducted by external observers
rather than by the teachers
themselves.

English 206- Teaching English as a Second Language

Why should teachers get involved in
language classroom research?
 They can discover interesting new rules and
answers, both of which can energize their
teachings.
 They can get new ideas for their teachings and for
their investigations as well as becoming better
connected with the profession at large.

English 206- Teaching English as a Second Language

 Thank You!

English 206- Teaching English as a Second Language