S Y 2018-2019 FIRST SEM

Ma’am Sheila DAY 3

OPERATING ROOM
NURSING
 CLASS #
NAME
SECTION: 3Y1-2 July 5, 2018

• ON ½ (lengthwise) SHEET OF
YELLOW PAD
Enumerate the:
– Objectives of Surgery
– Processes Involved in Surgery
– Conditions Treated by
Surgery
 Expected Behavior of
Operating Room Personnel
1. Emphatic 11. Manually and Mentally
2. Conscientious Dextrous/ Dexterous
3. Efficient and Well Organized 12. Impartial & Non-Judgmental
4. Flexible and Adaptable 13. Versatile
5. Sensitive and Perceptive 14. Analytical
6. Understanding, Reassuring
15. Creative
and Supportive
7. Skilled listeners, Keen 16. Humanistic
Observer and Able 17. With Sense of Humor
Communicators 18. Enduring
8. Considerate 19. Intellectually Eager and
9. Informative & Sincere Curious
10. Aware of Individuality 20. Ethical
#keenobserver
#keenobserver

CAN YOU SEE THE CAT’S EYES?

#keenobserver

CAN YOU SEE THE CAT’S EYES?

It is the branch of medicine concerned with
diseases and conditions which require or are
amenable to operative procedures.
Surgery
- is the work done by a surgeon.
-"surgery can involve cutting, abrading, suturing, laser or
otherwise physically changing body tissues and organs.“
Generally speaking, surgery involves cutting or
otherwise penetrating the body’s tissues.
 of Surgery
a. Correction of Deformities and Defects
b. Repair of Injuries
c. Diagnosis & Cure of Disease Process
d. Relief of Suffering
e. Prolongation of Life
#assignment
 Involved in Surgery
a. Ectomy
– removal of a part from the body
– Appendectomy; Hysterectomy; Oophorectomy;
Mastectomy; Pneumonectomy; Tonsillectomy;
Cholecystectomy
b. Otomy
– making of an opening on the body ; cutting into
– Gastrotomy; Craniotomy; Lobotomy; Tracheotomy
#assignment
 Involved in Surgery

c. Rrhaphy
– repair of a part of the body
– Herniorrhaphy; Ureterorrhaphy; Episiorrhahpy
Hysterorrhaphy

#assignment
 treated by Surgery:

a. Congenital
-inborn deformities
b. Acquired
-conditions resulting from
trauma or injury #assignment
 UNIT

1. Specify the different reasons why patients would

submit to surgical intervention.
2. List the 4 basic pathologic conditions that require
surgery .
3. Identify the different classifications of surgery
according to location, to physiologic hazard, to
purpose and to mode of operation.
4. State the categories of surgery according to
PATIENTS SUBMIT TO
SURGICAL
1. INTERVENTION:
To preserve life. Ex. Appendectomy
2. To maintain dynamic body equilibrium.
Ex. Removal of a diseased kidney
3. To undergo diagnostic procedures
Ex. Proctosigmoidoscopy
4. To prevent infection and to promote healing.
Ex. Burn Debridement
5. To obtain comfort and to ensure the ability to earn a
living Ex. Herniorrhaphy
1. Obstruction – a blockage; are dangerous because they
block the flow of blood, air, CSF, urine and bile through
the body.
2. Perforation – is the rupture of an organ, artery or
bleb.
3. Erosion – break in the continuity of tissue surface. It
can be caused by irritation, infection, ulceration or
inflammation. It may damage the walls of the blood
vessels resulting in serious bleeding.
4. Tumors – abnormal growth of tissue that serves no
physiologic function in the body.
A. ACCORDING TO LOCATION:
1. Internal –inside the body ex.
Hysterectomy
2. External –outside the body ex.
Skin grafting
B. ACCORDING TO DEGREE OF RISK TO THE
PERSON / PHYSIOLOGIC HAZARD:
1. Major – life threatening when major or vital
organs are involved and those surgeries that
may involve serious bleeding Ex.
Gastrectomy; CS
2. Minor – non-life threatening, less serious.
Ex. Biopsy; Disarticulation of a finger;
Stitches; Circumcision
C. ACCORDING TO PURPOSE:
1. Diagnostic – verifies a suspected diagnosis.
Ex. Biopsy
2. Exploratory– estimates the extent of the diseases
or injury. Ex. Exploratory Laparotomy (Ex-lap)

3. Palliative – relieves symptoms but does not cure

the underlying disease process Ex. Tracheostomy
C. ACCORDING TO PURPOSE:
4. Ablative – removing diseased organs
Ex. Appendectomy
5. Reconstructive -to restore use (such as knee
reconstructive surgery) or improve appearance (such as
breast reconstruction following mastectomy).
Sometimes, reconstructive surgery achieves both.
For example, a cleft palate repair (cheiloplasty)enhances the
person’s appearance and also improves their ability to eat,
swallow and talk.
C. ACCORDING TO PURPOSE:
6. Cosmetic surgery is performed to reshape normal
structures of the body, usually to improve form and
appearance.
Ex. blepharoplasty, rhinoplasty, breast enhancement
1. Emergent / Emergency Surgery – done immediately to save life.
Indication for surgery: without delay
Ex. explor lap, CS, severe bleeding, extensive burns, bladder or
intestinal obstruction, fractured skull, gunshot or stab wound
2. Urgent Surgery – patient requires prompt attention.
Indication for surgery: 24-30 hours.
Ex. relief of intestinal obstruction, acute gallbladder infection, kidney
or ureteral stones
3. Required Surgery – patient need to have surgery; done to improve
patient’s health or well being and is not catastrophic if omitted.
Indication for surgery: plan within few weeks or months
Ex. cataract removal, prostatic hyperplasia without bladder
obstruction, thyroid problems
4. Elective Surgery – patient should have surgery; done at the
patient’s or surgeon’s convenience.
Indication for surgery: failure to have surgery, not catastrophic
Ex. repair of scars, simple hernia, vaginal repair

5. Optional Surgery – decision rests with patient.

Indication for surgery: personal preference
Ex. cosmetic surgery

6. On Call – any time, any date, operation can be done.

a. Extremes of age (very young & very old)
b. Extremes of weight (emaciation & obesity)
c. Dehydrated patients with severe trauma or injury
d. Nutritional deficits
e. Patients with severe trauma or injury, infection / sepsis
f. Patients with cardiovascular disease
g. Patients with endocrine dysfuntion (DM)
h. Hypertensive and hypotensive patients
i. Hypovolemia
j. Hepatic disease
k. Preexisting mental of physical disability
 THAT MAY ARISE IN SURGERY

1. Surgical risk patient- probability of

morbidity or mortality following surgery
2. Pain
3. Hemorrhage
4. Infection
5. UTI
 Procedure LOCATION PHYSIOLOGIC HAZARD PURPOSE
(Internal, External) (Major, Minor) (Diagnostic, Exploratory,
Palliative, Ablative,
Reconstructive, Cosmetic)
Appendectomy (appendix 1. Internal 11. Minor 21. Ablative
not ruptured)
Lumbar puncture/ Spinal 2. External 12. Minor 22. Diagnostic
tap
Colonoscopy 3. Internal 13. Minor 23. Diagnostic/
Exploratory
Cheiloplasty 4. External 14. Minor 24. Reconstructive

Cesarean Section 5. Internal 15. Major 25. Ablative

Modified Radical 6. Internal 16. Major 26. Ablative

Mastectomy
Tracheostomy creation 7. External 17. Minor 27. Palliative

Cholecystectomy 8. Internal 18. Major 28. Ablative

Exploratory Laparotomy 9. Internal 19. Major 29. Exploratory

Rhinoplasty 10. External 20. Minor 30. Cosmetic