TYPES OF TEXT REFLECTING

DIFFERENT CULTURES
Learning Outcomes

• Evaluate multimodal text critically to enhance receptive

skills
• Convey ideas through oral, audio-visual, and/web-based
presentations for different target audiences in local and
global settings using appropriate registers.
• Adopt awareness of audience and context in presenting
ideas.
Types of texts
• Created texts: texts authored by non-native speakers for
non-native speakers to achieve pre-determine curricular
goals.
• Semi-authentic texts: created by native and/or non-native
speaker, based on original language materials, but adapted
to fit curricular needs.
• Authentic texts: texts created by native speakers for native
speaking for consumption in a native environment.
• Multi-modal texts: texts that combine two or more semiotic
systems.
Multimodal Texts
• A text may be called as multimodal when it combines two or
more semiotic systems. There are five semiotic systems
these are:
• Linguistic: comprising aspects such as vocabulary, generic structure
and the grammar of oral language.
• Visual: comprising aspects such as color, vectors and viewpoint in
still and moving images.
• Audio: comprising aspects such as volume, pitch, rhythm of music
and sound effects.
• Gestural: comprising of movements, speed and stillness in facial
expression and body language.
• Spatial: comprising aspects such as proximity, direction, position of
layout and organization of objects in space.
 Text for different Target Audience
• What is special about your book
• Determine some demographics
• Feed the previous four tips into each other to
gain more insight and narrow own who your
target audience/s is/are
How to Use Target Audience
• Identify where your target audience hangs out, then be
there
• Concentrate on the buyers
• Work the connections you have found to popular books
in the same vein as yours by appealing to those books’
readers.
• Hone on your target audience when you decide on
branding such as cover design.

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Ways of Presenting Text on Images
• Method 1: Apply text directly to an image
• Method 2: Text-in-a-box
• Method 3: Overlay the whole image
• Method 4: Blur the image
• Method 5: Floor Fade

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Ten Clever Tricks for Adding Text to
Images
• Add some perspectives
• Make the text part of for the scene
• Add icon for emphasis
• Go Big
• Combine 2-3 Different font sizes
• Be bold with keywords

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Ten Clever Tricks for Adding Text to
Images
• Play with orientation
• Add shapes for emphasis
• Stack your text into an invisible shape
• Combine light and bold font together for
impact
• Combine light and bold font to highlights
ideas

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Massage of the text
• Basic text messaging
• SMS
• MMS

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Presenting the Purpose, Tone, Audience
and Content of the Text
Purpose. The reason why the writer composes
the paragraph.
Tone. The attitude the write conveys about the
paragraph’s subject
Audience. The individual or group whom the
writer intends to address

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