Cutting

Cutting Speed and Feed
Unit of competency: Turn workpiece (intermediate)

Augusttitle:
Module 11, 2019 TurnOperation
Perform Turning Workpiece 1
Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, student should be able
to learn the following:
• Features and Uses of Common Metals
• Cutting Speed
• Recommended Cutting Speeds
• Selection of Cutting Speed
• Spindle Speed
• Relationship of RPM to Cutting Speed on Different
Diameters.

Augusttitle:
• Determining Spindle Speeds from Chart (Nomogram)
• Feed
• Feeds for Various Materials
• Calculation for Feed
• Depth of Cut
• Machining Time

Augusttitle:
Machinability
It describes how easy or difficult

a metal can be machine
Fairly good
Good
Very Good

Augusttitle:
Material General Machinabiliy Examples
Colour
Cast Iron Gray

Good
High carbon Silvery Gray

Fairly
Steel
Good
Bronze Yellowish
brown Very Good

Augusttitle:
Material General Machinabiliy Examples
Colour
Mild Steel Silvery Gray Good
Brass Bright Yellow Very Good
Aluminium Greyish White Very Good

Augusttitle:
Cutting Speed
It is the length of metal, measured in meters, that passes over the tool in one minute.
The unit is Meters per minute
(m/min)
πD x N
Cutting Speed 
1000
Turn Workpiece
Module title:
August 11, 2019 Perform Turning Operation
7
Recommended Cutting Speed
Hi-speed Steel
tool
Material
Cutting Speed
( meters/min.)
Mild Steel 30-45
Brass 46-60
Aluminium 80-100
Tool Steel 15-20
Cast Iron 15-20

Augusttitle:
Recommended Cutting Speeds
Cemented
Carbide tool
Material
Cutting Speed
(meters/min
Mild Steel 90-150
Brass 150-210
Aluminium 210-320
Tool Steel 80-120
Cast Iron 45-60
Augusttitle:
Recommended Cutting Speed
Hi-speed Steel Cemented
tool Carbide tool
Material
Cutting Speed Cutting Speed
( meters/min.) (meters/min
Mild Steel 30-45 90-150
Brass 46-60 150-210

Aluminium 80-100 210-320
Tool Steel 15-20 80-120
Cast Iron 15-20 45-60
Augusttitle:
Selection of Cutting Speed
Cutting speed depends on:
• The type of cutting tool material
• The material being machine.
• The type of cutting tool
• The depth of cut
• The surface finish required
• Whether cutting fluid is used.
• The size and condition of the machine.
Augusttitle:
The type of cutting tool material
High-speed steel Cemented Carbide
Unit of competency: Turn workpiece (intermediate) JETHRO BENABENTE

Augusttitle:
11, 2019 TurnOperation
Workpiece Trainer Machining NCII
12
Module Perform Turning

The material being machine
Material General Colour Machinabiliy
Cast Iron Gray Good
High carbon Silvery Gray Fairly Good

Steel

Augusttitle:
13
The type of cutting tool
Roughing Tool Grooving Tool

Augusttitle:
The depth of cut
Coarse Feed Fine Feed

Augusttitle:
Spindle Speed
It is the number of revolution made by the spindle in one
minute. The unit is Revolution per minute ( rpm).
1000 x CuttingSpeed
SpindleSpeed(rpm) 
π xD
Augusttitle:
Example :
What is the spindle speed for turning a dia.34 mm mild
steel bar with a cutting speed of 30 m/min ?
1000 x CuttingSpeed
π xD
1000 x 30
3.1416 x 34
= 281
Augusttitle:
Nomogram
Material = mild steel

Cutting speed =30 m/min
Diameter = 34 mm
RPM = ?
280
rpm
30 m/min
34 mm diameter
Augusttitle:
Feed
It is the distance of the tool that cuts into the work when it
turns one rotation. The unit is millimeter per revolution
(mm/rev)

Module title: Perform Turning Operation
Selection of Feed
This depends on :
• The work material being cut
• The type of material from which the tool is made
• The surface finish required
• The depth of cut
• Whether cutting fluid is used

Depth of Cut
It is the amount of in feed moved by the cutting tool.
Diameter is reduced by TWICE the depth of cut

Selection of Depth of Cut
• This depends on :
• The work material being cut
• The surface finish of the work required
• The type of cutting tool used
• The speed and feed used
• The size and condition of the machine

RECOMMENDED FEEDRATES
M A TERIA L ROUGHING FINISHING
CUT CUT
RECOMMENDED FEEDRATES
1 M ILD STEEL
M M / REV
0.25-0.50
M M / REV
0.07-0.25
2 CA ST IRON 0.40-0.65 0.13-0.3
3 HIGH-
CA RB ON 0.25-0.50 0.07-0.25
STEEL
4 B RA SS 0.40-0.65 0.07-0.25
5 B RONZE 0.40-0.65 0.07-0.25
6 A LUM INIUM 0.40-0.75 0.13-0.25
Example :
A brass shaft of 60 mm diameter is turned at a cutting speed of

50 m/min.
Calculate the feed/min of the shaft if the feed is 0.35 mm/rev.
Feed /min=Feed/rev x rpm
=0.35 x 50 x 1000
=3.142 x 60
Feed rate = 92.75 mm/min

Augusttitle:
Machining Time
It is the time taken for a tool to travel in one cut of the work. The unit is
expressed in minute

Augusttitle:
Example :
A mild steel bar of 40 mm diameter is turned at a cutting speed of 30 m/min. The
length to be cut is 250 mm. The feed is 0.3 mm/rev. Calculate the machining time for
one cut of the work.
 40
250 mm
30 m/min
0.3 mm/rev

Augusttitle:
Example :
A mild steel bar of 40 mm diameter is turned at a cutting speed of 30
m/min. The length to be cut is 250 mm. The feed is 0.3 mm/rev. Calculate
the machining time for one cut of the work.
1. Spindle Speed  1000 x Cutting speed  1000 x 30

 x diameter of work
3.142 x 40
 30,000 = 239 rpm

125.66
2. Machining Time  length to be cut  250  250

feed/rev x rpm 0.3 x 239 71.7
3.49 minutes
Augusttitle:
Exercise :
A mild steel bar of 25 mm diameter is turned at a cutting speed
of 30m/min. The length to be cut is 90 mm.The feed is 0.2
mm/rev. Calculate the machining time for one cut of the work.
 25
90 mm
30 m/min
0.2 mm/rev

Augusttitle:
28
Exercise :
A mild steel bar of 25 mm diameter is turned at a cutting speed
of 30m/min. The length to be cut is 90 mm.The feed is 0.2
mm/rev. Calculate the machining time for one cut of the work.
1. Spindle Speed  1000 x Cutting speed  1000 x 30

 x diameter of work
3.1416 x 25
 30,000
= 382 rpm
78.54
2. Machining Time  length to be cut  90

feed/rev x rpm 0.2 x 382
 90 1.18 minutes
76.4
August 11, 2019 TurnOperation
29
Module title: Perform Turning
Test yourself

Trainer Machining NCII
Q1.
The spindle speed of a machine is expressed
in
(A) meters per second.

(B) meters per minute.
(C) revolutions per second.
(D) revolutions per minute.

Augusttitle:
31
Q2.
Cutting speeds are expressed in

(B) meters per minute.
(D) revolutions per minute.

Augusttitle:
Q3.
What is the spindle speed for turning a workpiece of
 50 mm at a cutting speed of 30 meters per minute ?
Spindle Speed  1000 x Cutting speed
 x Dia. of work
(A) 190 rpm. = 1000 x 30 m/min.
(B) 290 rpm. 3.1416 x 50 mm.
(C) 330 rpm.
(D) 530 rpm.
= 190 rev/min

Augusttitle:
Q4.
Calculate the spindle speed for turning a shaft of  45
at a cutting speed of 30 metres per minute.
(A) 121 rpm.

(B) 212 rpm.
(C) 424 rpm.
(D) 477 rpm.

Augusttitle:
Q5.
Calculate the spindle speed for turning a shaft of 
55 at a cutting speed of 30 meters / min.
(A) 121 rpm.

(B) 174 rpm.
(C) 424 rpm.
(D) 477 rpm.

Augusttitle:
Q6.
Which one of the following speeds is used for turning a
40 mm mild steel bar with a cutting speed of 30
m/min.
(A) 200 rpm.

(B) 239 rpm.
(C) 289 rpm.
(D) 320 rpm.

Augusttitle:
Q7.
Calculate the spindle speed for turning a 25 mm tool
steel shaft at a cutting speed of 80 m/min.
(Using cemented carbide tool)

(A) 90 rpm.
(B) 100 rpm.
(C) 1000 rpm.
(D) 1018 rpm.

Augusttitle:
37
Q8.
A hole diameter 15 mm is to be drilled on a
workpiece of a diameter 65 mm at a cutting speed
of 22 meters per minute. Calculate the spindle
speed.
(A) 73 rpm.
(B) 108 rpm.
(C) 217 rpm.
(D) 467 rpm.

Augusttitle:
38
Q9.
Calculate the spindle speed required for drilling a
25mm hole in a 60mm workpiece. Use the cutting
speed to be 30 m/min.
(A) 150 rpm.

(B) 265 rpm.
(C) 380 rpm.
(D) 630 rpm.

Augusttitle:
39
Q10.
Find the cutting speed for turning a bar 60mm at a
spindle speed of 300 rpm.
Cutting Speed   x Dia of work x rpm
(A) 57 meters/min. 1000
(B) 60 meters/min. Cutting Speed  3.142 x 60 x 300

(C) 69 meters/min. 1000
(D) 80 meters/min.  57 m/min.

Augusttitle:
40
Q11.
Find the cutting speed for turning a bar of diameter
60mm at a spindle speed of 250 rpm.
(A) 47 meters/min.
(B) 60 meters/min.
(C) 69 meters/min.
(D) 80 meters/min.

Augusttitle:
Q12.
With reference to Table , which one of the following spindle speeds is used
for turning a 40mm brass rod at 50 m/min.?
(A) 250 rpm.
(B) 320 rpm.
(C) 400 rpm.
(D) 500 rpm.
Augusttitle:
Q13.
Calculate the feed/min of a 50mm diameter mild steel
shaft if the feed is 0.25 mm/rev and the cutting speed is
30 m/min.
Feed/min  feed/rev x rpm
(A) 12.5 mm/min.  0.25 x 1000 x cutting speed

(B) 15.9 mm/min.  x dia. of work
(C) 47.7 mm/min.
 0.25 x 1000 x 30
(D) 94.4 mm/min.
 x 50
 47.7 mm/min

Augusttitle:
Q14.
In turning, what is the formula used for calculating spindle speed ?
(A) Spindle Speed  1000 x Dia. Of work
 x cutting speed
(B) Spindle Speed  1000 x  xDia. Of work

cutting speed
(C) Spindle Speed  1000 x Cutting speed

 x Dia of work
(D) Spindle Speed   x Dia. Of work x Cutting speed

1000

Augusttitle:
Q15.
Calculate the machining time for a cut
The feed is 0.12 mm/rev.
The spindle speed is 95 rpm.
The length is 100mm
Machining Time  length to be cut
(A) 0.877 minute. feed/rev x rpm
(B) 8.77 minutes.  100
(C) 87.7 minutes. 0.12 x 95
(D) 877 minutes.
 8.77 minutes

Augusttitle:
Q16.
The time taken to make one cut on a 180mm long
workpiece at a feed of 0.25 mm/rev and a spindle speed
of 240 rpm is;
(A) 0.1875 minute.

(B) 0.75 minute.
(C) 1.3 minutes.
(D) 3.0 minutes.

Augusttitle:
Q17.
A shaft of 45mm in diameter is turned at 25
meters/min and a feed of 0.25 mm/rev. Find the
machining time for 1 cut of 100mm long.
(A) 1.13 seconds.

(B) 2.26 seconds.
(C) 1.33 minutes.
(D) 2.26 minutes.

Augusttitle:
Q18.
Calculate the machining time for 1 cut of 150mm
long. The spindle speed is 300 rpm and the
feed/rev of cutting tool is 0.2 mm.
(A) 1.0 minute.

(B) 2.0 minutes.
(C) 2.5 minutes.
(D) 25 minutes.

Augusttitle:
Q19.
The cutting speed of a material to be machined is
expressed in;

(B) revolutions per minute.
(D) meters per minute.

Augusttitle:
Q20.
What is the formula used for calculating cutting speed ?
(A) Cutting Speed   x dia. of work x rpm

1000
(B) Cutting Speed   x 1000x rpm
rpm
(C) Cutting Speed   x 1000 x rpm
Dia. of work
(D) Cutting Speed   x dia. of work x rpm
1000 x 

Augusttitle:
Thank you…


Cutting

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Cutting Speed and Feed

Unit of competency: Turn workpiece (intermediate)

• Features and Uses of Common Metals

• Recommended Cutting Speeds

• Selection of Cutting Speed

• Relationship of RPM to Cutting Speed on Different

Unit of competency: Turn workpiece (intermediate)

• Feeds for Various Materials

• Calculation for Feed

Unit of competency: Turn workpiece (intermediate)

It describes how easy or difficult

Unit of competency: Turn workpiece (intermediate)

Cast Iron Gray

High carbon Silvery Gray

Unit of competency: Turn workpiece (intermediate)

Mild Steel Silvery Gray Good

Brass Bright Yellow Very Good

Aluminium Greyish White Very Good

Unit of competency: Turn workpiece (intermediate)

Unit of competency: Turn workpiece (intermediate)

Brass 46-60 150-210

High-speed steel Cemented Carbide

Unit of competency: Turn workpiece (intermediate) JETHRO BENABENTE

Cutting speed depends on:

Material General Colour Machinabiliy

Cast Iron Gray Good

High carbon Silvery Gray Fairly Good

Unit of competency: Turn workpiece (intermediate) JETHRO BENABENTE

Roughing Tool Grooving Tool

Coarse Feed Fine Feed

Unit of competency: Turn workpiece (intermediate)

Material = mild steel

Unit of competency: Turn workpiece (intermediate)

• The type of material from which the tool is made

• The surface finish required

• The depth of cut

• Whether cutting fluid is used

Unit of competency: Turn workpiece (intermediate)

Diameter is reduced by TWICE the depth of cut

Unit of competency: Turn workpiece (intermediate)

• The work material being cut

• The surface finish of the work required

• The type of cutting tool used

• The speed and feed used

• The size and condition of the machine

Unit of competency: Turn workpiece (intermediate)

A brass shaft of 60 mm diameter is turned at a cutting speed of

Feed /min=Feed/rev x rpm

Unit of competency: Turn workpiece (intermediate)

Unit of competency: Turn workpiece (intermediate)

Unit of competency: Turn workpiece (intermediate)

1. Spindle Speed  1000 x Cutting speed  1000 x 30

 30,000 = 239 rpm

2. Machining Time  length to be cut  250  250

Unit of competency: Turn workpiece (intermediate) JETHRO BENABENTE

1. Spindle Speed  1000 x Cutting speed  1000 x 30

2. Machining Time  length to be cut  90

Unit of competency: Turn workpiece (intermediate) JETHRO BENABENTE

(A) meters per second.

Unit of competency: Turn workpiece (intermediate) JETHRO BENABENTE

(A) meters per second.

Unit of competency: Turn workpiece (intermediate)

Unit of competency: Turn workpiece (intermediate)