Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
-Theory
- Steps involved in formulation of LGPP
m Single Goal Programming
m Multiple Goal Programming
- Non premptive
- Premptive
¦
Accounting Analysis
Capital budgeting
Economic policy analysis
Energy resource planning
Facility layout and location
0 0
. V
º
In this case only one goal has to be achieved
2.
Ô
6 4 90
5 3 00
96 78 2500
Let X & X2 be the no. of TV & DVD.
The given problem can be first formulated as LPP
Max. Z = 90 X + 00 X2
Sub . to 6 X + 5 X2 ч 96 - Assembly constraints
4 X + 3 X2 ч 78 - Finishing constraints
Where X & X2 ш 0
6 X + 5 X2 ч 96 (Assembly constraint)
4 X + 3 X2 ч 78 (Finishing constraint)
Where X , X2, d+ & d- ш 0
#$ 90 00 0 0 - 2500 Ñ
6 5 0 0 0 96 Ñ
" 4 3 0 0 0 78 Ñ
o 90 00 0 0 - "&
$ o -90 -00 0 0 0
|
Ë
Ë " " #$ #%
!
Ë
Ë
$ o 30 0 20 0
A 2 4 Kg Rs. 40
B 3 3 Kg Rs. 35
Constraints 60 Hours 96 Kg
x, x2 ш 0
m The given problem can be expressed as the
following uO
m Minimize Z =d-
Subject to 2x + 3x2 ч 60
4x + 3x2 ч 96
40x + 35 x2 +(d-) ʹ (d+) = 400
Where X , X2, d+ & d- ш 0
$ o -40 -35 0 0 0
Simplex Tableau 2
Ë
Ë
Ë
! " " #$ #%
Ñ 2 å
Ñ
24 Ñ
#$ 440 åå
o 0 5 0 -0 -
$ o 0 -5 0 0 0
Simplex Tableau 3
Ë
Ë
Ë
! " " #$ #%
" Ñ 8
Ñ Ñ 8
#$ Ñ 400
o 0 0 -25/3 -
$ o 0 0 0/3 25/3 0
m So , the solution is
m x =8
m X2 = 8
m d+ = 0
m d- = 400 , that means the profit goal is under
achieved by Rs. 400 and the maximum profit is
Rs. 000.
GOAL PROGRAMING WITH
MULTIPLE GOALS
.Non-preemptive Goal programming
2.Preemptive Goal programming
@
uO
Assumes the decision-maker has a linear utility function with
respect to the objectives
Differential weights are used to various goals in line with their
relative significance
O
uO
Uses prioritized goals
When optimal solution with respect to the higher priority goal is
obtained only then the next priority level is considered
NON-PREEMPTIVE GOAL
PROGRAMMING
In non-preemptive goal programming, we first
establish a goal for each objective and then seek a
solution that minimizes the sum of deviations of
these objectives from their respective goals
PRODUCT
O O
Labour hours 2 4
Material M 4 5
(kg)
Material M2 5 4
(kg)
Products P and P2 are in fact new models and are replacements of the older
ones which have been discontinued very recently .
The manager would like to maximise the profit but he is equally
concerned with maintaining workforce of the division at the
nearly constant level in the interest of employee morale. The
workforce which consists of people engaged in production,
sales, distribution, peons and other general staff, consisted of
08 persons in all. From a detailed study, it is known that
production of one unit of P would maintain 0.3 person in the
workforce while one unit of P2 would maintain 0.75 person.
SOLUTIONº-
Subject to
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Further, if the decision-maker feels that achieving the profit goal is twice as
important as employment goal, he would give the weight as follows.
',
SIMPLEX TABLE-
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It is given that from the optimal solution we have x =60 and
x2 =20 , for a total profit 0f 20x 60 + 32x 20 = Rs 5040 , and
d- = 360, implying an underachievement of the profit goal of
Rs 5400 by Rs 360. however, since d2- is equal to zero, it has the
importance that the employment goal of 08 would be met . In
terms of solution, the labour hours will be fully utilized while
the raw materials would remain unutilized º 60 Kg of material
M and 420 Kg of material M2.
QUESº-A firm producing two products radio and transistor which
must be produced through two process I and Process II.90 hours
are available in Process I & 72 hours are available in Process II.
One radio requires 6 hours in Process I and 3 hours in process II.
One transistor requires 3 hours in Process I and 6 hours in Process
II. The profit is Rs.20 per radio and Rs 90 per transistor. Find the
optimum solution in GPP, the firm has set up the following goals
and has assigned them priorities P,P2 & P3 where P is most
important. Find the optimum solution.
O | u
P Production of radio goal of 3.
P2 To achieve profit goal of
Rs.950
P3 Production of transistor goal
of 5.
Let Dur = Under- achievement of radio goal
Dor = Over- achievement of Radio goal
Dup = Under-achievement of Profit goal
Dop = Over-achievement of Profit goal
Dut = Under-achievement of transistor goal
Dot = Over-achievement of transistor goal
Where X,X2,S,S2,Dur,Dor,Dup,Dop,Dut,Dot ш0
P is more important than P2, it means P2 goal will not be
achieved until P goal has been achieved. Similarly P3 goal will
not be achieved till P2 goal is achieved.
P Dur 3 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 3
P2 DuP 95 20 90 0 0 - 0 0 0 0 65/
0 4
P3 Dut 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -
0 S 90 6 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5
0 S2 72 3 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 24
Cj- P3 0 - - - - 0 - 0 -
Zj
P2 - - - - - - 0 - 0
20 90
P - 0 - - - 0 - - 0
C-Z º-
P= 0- = -
P2= 0-20= -20
P3= 0-0 = 0
' Each of the priorities P, P2 and P3 has separate Zj and Cj-Zj in the
order of their priority of goals. It is because the goals do not have the
same dimension and cannot be just added.
'Starting with the most important priority say P, the most negative
Cj-Zj is selected and entered. If there is no negative value in that row,
we move to the next most important priority P2 and work the most
negative Cj-Zj value.
SIMPLEX TABLE 2
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There still exist -2 and -60 below Dur but it is to b disregarded as it will
again lead to ass under achievement of radio goal.
So X=3
X2=4
' The first goal P to produce 3 radio (goal) X=3 has been achieved.
'The second important goal P2= Rs 950 has been under achieved by Rs
30 i.e. only
Rs (950-30) = Rs 920 has been achieved.
(20 3 + 90 4) =Rs 920