WORK

POWER & ENERGY

BY: MR. PAOLO AZUL S. CANICOSA
WORK
LEARNING TARGETS

•I can identify situations in which work is

done and in which no work is done;
•I can describe how work is related to power
and energy;
Questions to ponder…

1. What are the words that you can

relate to work?
2. How do you define work?
Explain the statement:

“To do work, one must have a

source of energy”
Soldiers guarding the Rizal Monument
Secretary passively sitting and typing on the
computer.
Filipinos standing straight on a flag ceremony
What have you noticed on the previous
illustrations?

Those are all examples of

situations where no work is done
at all.
What is the scientific
definition of WORK?
Scientific definition of work
In Physics, work is done only
when a force is applied to a
body and moves it.
FORCE
DISPLACEMENT

FORCE DISPLACEMENT
Two situations where work is done and work
is not done
Work = the product of force and displacement
(W = Fd)
The SI unit of work is newton-meter (N∙m)
The unit combination is called joule (abbreviated as J)
in honor of James Prescott Joule. One joule is the
amount of work done by a force of one newton in
moving body through a distance of one meter.

1J = 1 N∙m
Problem Solving

How much work is done by a

shopper in pushing her grocery cart
by a force of 32 N through a distance
of 4.5 m?
WORK IS A SCALAR
QUANTITY
 POSITIVE WORK
NEGATIVE WORK AND
ZERO WORK
 If the displacement is in the
direction of the force, then work is
positive. If the displacement is in
the opposite direction of the
force, then work is negative. If the
displacement is perpendicular to
the direction of the force
then work is zero. So,
the work done depends on
direction.
POSITIVE WORK

When the force and the displacement are

in the same direction, the work is
positive.
NEGATIVE WORK

When the force and the displacement are in

opposite direction, the work is negative.
ZERO WORK
If the displacement is perpendicular to
the direction of the force then work is
zero.
D
FORCE I
S
P
L
A
C
E
M
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N
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Activity 1. Sort the situations below by whether
the work is done or not
Work is done Work is not done
1. On the locked door that remains closed while
you try to pull it open.
2. On a toy car as you push it around the floor.
3. On the piano when you drop it from the third
floor to the ground floor.
4. On the dishes when you pull a tablecloth out
from under them and they remain in place.
5. On the door as you push against it and open it.
6. On the bowling ball that you are holding while
waiting for your turn to bowl.
7. On a shopping cart as you push it around the
store.
Activity 2. Problem Solving

How far will you pull your school

bag with a force of 30 N parallel to
the ground to your classroom if the
work done is equal to 600 J?
Evaluation:

1. How do you define work in physics?

2. How can you relate work to energy?
3. How can you tell when a work is done
or not done at all?
ENERGY
LEARNING TARGET

•I can differentiate kinetic and potential

energy.
•I can relate speed and position of object
to the amount of energy possessed by a
body.
What is Energy?

It is the capacity to do
work or cause change.
 Everything around you has
energy, but you only notice it
when a change takes place.
Anytime a change occurs, energy
is transferred from one object to
another.
Explain how these objects cause change.
Remember:
The Law of Conservation states that
energy cannot be created nor
destroyed. It can only be transferred
or changed from one form to
another.
 Things that moves can cause change.

A bowling ball rolls down the alley and

knock down some pins. Is energy
involved?
 As the ball moves, it has
a form of energy called
kinetic energy.
Kinetic Energy
The kinetic energy of the
body is its ability to do work
due to its motion.
Objects in motion are
capable of doing work.
Kinetic Energy and Speed
Which do you think will cause more change? A fast
moving ball or a slow moving ball?
A faster ball causes more change to occur
than a ball that is moving slowly.

Kinetic energy increases as an

object moves faster.
Kinetic Energy and Mass
Suppose you roll a volleyball down the
alley instead of a bowling ball. If the
volleyball travels at the same speed as a
bowling ball, do you think it will send pins
flying as far?
 Kinetic energy increases as
the mass of an object
increases.
 1 2
KE = 𝑚𝑣
2
Where m is the mass and v
is the velocity.
Note:
•Note that the velocity of the object
is squared when determining KE.
• If the velocity of the object is
doubled, the KE is quadrupled
Problem 1
A 98-kg basketball player runs
at a speed of 7m/s. What is
his KE?
Problem 2
Which has greater kinetic energy
when running at their top speed:
a cheetah capable of attaining a
top speed of 31.4 m/s or an
elephant having a top speed of
6.94 m/s? The average masses of
a cheetah and an elephant are 50
kg and 5500 kg respectively.
What if the bowling ball is not moving? Does it
still have energy?
Potential Energy
Potential energy is the energy
stored in an object because of its
position. It has the “potential” to
cause change.