Holistic Care

As a nurse, you will be a professional

caregiver. Your intimate contact with clients allows
you the opportunity not only to provide physical and
emotional support but also to teach ways to take an
active role in maintaining health.
 1. Interrelated Concepts of Health
Health is "the condition of being sound in body, mind, or
spirit" (Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, 2008).
The WHO defines health as follows: "Health is a
state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not
merely the absence of disease or infirmity" (WHO, 1974).
Health refers to the total well-being of the whole person.
(Telstar Innovations, Inc., 2000).
 Holistic is istilah yang berasal dari kata Yunani hole, artinya "whole." Kesehatan
holistik memandang aspek fisik, intelektual, sosiokultural, psikologis, dan spiritual kehidupan
seseorang sebagai keseluruhan yang terpadu. Lima aspek ini tidak dapat dipisahkan atau
diisolasi; Segala sesuatu yang mempengaruhi satu aspek kehidupan seseorang juga
mempengaruhi aspek lainnya.

Healing Penyembuhan berarti menjadi utuh. Ini adalah keadaan harmonis atau
keseimbangan dalam tubuh, pikiran, dan koneksi roh. (Quinn, 2005)

Homeostasis is keseimbangan atau stabilitas yang tubuh berusaha untuk

mencapai antara aspek-aspek kehidupan seseorang dengan adaptasi terus-menerus.
 The goal of holistic nursing is
the "enhancement of healing the whole person
from birth to death" (American Holistic Nurses
Association [AHNA], 2004).
 The AHNA supports the belief that health involves the
harmonious balance of body, mind, emotions, and spirit
within an ever-changing environment.
The NIH defines holistic care as care that "considers the
whole person, including physical, mental, emotional, and
spiritual aspects.
Among the holistic modalities most frequently used in nursing
are the following:

Biofeedback
Exercise and movement
Goal setting
Humor and laughter
Imagery
Journaling
Massage
Play therapy
Prayer
Therapeutic touch
 The holistic nurse is "an instrument of healing and a facilitator in
the healing process (AHNA, 2004). By does the following:

Demonstrates awareness that self-healing is a continual process

Is familiar with self-development

Recognizes personal strengths and weaknesses

Models self-care

Demonstrates awareness that personal presence is as important as technical skills

Respects and loves clients

Presumes that clients know the best life choices

Guides clients in discovering creative options

Listens actively

Shares insights without imposing personal values and beliefs

Accepts client input without judgment

Views time spent with clients as an opportunity to serve and share (adapted from Dossey, 1998)
 Wellness is a responsibility, a choice, a
lifestyle design that helps maintain the
highest potential for personal health (Hill &
Howlett, 2005).
 The health continuum is a way to visualize the range of an individual's
health, from highest health potential to death.
.
Abraham Maslow developed a
theory of behavioral motivation
based on needs. This theory is
often referred to as Masllow's
Hierarchy of
needs.

.
 2. Providing Quality Care
►The first step in providing quality client care is to be aware of yourself.
What kind of personality do you have?
Is your self-concept positive, or do you have self-doubts and lack self-confidence?
What are your beliefs and attitudes?
Knowing the answers to such questions will help you in your role as caregiver.
►The next step is taking care of your own needs.
When you attend to the needs in your own life, you are then free to concentrate on caring for
others. Your example of self-care inspires clients to have confidence that you will provide
quality care. Thus, self-care is a factor in your effectiveness as a caregiver.
 Self-awareness is consciously knowing how the
self thinks, feels, believes, and behaves at any specific time.
Being self-aware is a constant process that is focused on the
present. A person's thoughts, feelings, and beliefs are
interrelated and greatly influence behavior. Being self-aware
influences a person in several ways.
 For example, experienced nurses—are often anxious about caring for a specific client. By
taking some time to practice self-awareness, the nurse might discover that the anxiety stems
from never having performed the procedure in question. The nurse can then deal directly with
the situation by reviewing the procedure and requesting assistance from an instructor or
supervisor.
All decisions about client care
must be made in response to
the client's needs, not the
nurse's needs.
 Self-concept is how a person thinks or feels about
himself. These thoughts and feelings come from the
experiences the person has with others and reflect how
the person thinks others view him.
 For example, an individual who is constantly ignored or who receives
messages such as "Don't bother me," "Can't you do anything right?" or "You
don't have any sense" may very well begin to view himself in these terms, with
the likely result being a negative self-concept. On the other hand, a person
who is shown caring and who hears messages such as "Let me help you in a
minute," "Let's try it this way," or "Have you thought about ... ?" will move
toward a positive self-concept.
 Self-Care as a Prerequisite to client care
.
Physical wellness refers to a healthy body that functions at an optimal
level. To achieve physical wellness, a person must practice:
►Grooming
►Body Mechanics
►Posture
►Smoking
►Drugs and Alcohol
►Nutrition
►Sleep, Rest, Relaxation, and Exercise
 Intellectual wellness is the ability to function as an inde-
pendent person capable of making sound decisions. Such decisions are based
on the individual's needs but at the same time take into account the needs of
others. Clear thinking, problem-solving skills, good judgment, and the desire to
continually learn are all qualities found in the person who is intellectually well.
 Sociocultural wellness is the ability to appreciate
the needs of others and to care about one's environment and the
inhabitants of it. As a nurse, you will care for clients of all ages and
races who speak different languages and come from various
cultural groups.
 Psychological wellness encompasses the enjoyment

of creativity, the satisfaction of the basic need to love and be loved,

the understanding of emotions, and the ability to maintain control
over emotions.
 Spiritual wellness manifests as inner strength and
peace.
Spirituality is a broad concept incorporating more
than a client's religious affiliation. It encompasses the beliefs
that a person has that give meaning and purpose to their
existence (Fitchett, 2002).