Individual Differences Factors

Prepared by: Bondiel P. Francisco

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Individual differences in learning
Learners have different strategies,
approaches and capabilities for learning that
are function of prior experience and
heredity.

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 Learning and Diversity
Learning is most effective when differences in learners’
linguistic, cultural and social backgrounds are taken into
account.

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 Standards and Assessment
Setting appropriately high and challenging standards
and assessing the learners as well as learning process –
including diagnostic process and outcome assessment -
are integral parts of the learning process.

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Assessment
provides
important
information to
both the learners
and teacher at all
stages of the
learning process.

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Ongoing Assessment
the learner’s
understanding of the
curricular material can
provide valuable
feedback to both
learners and teachers
about progress toward
the learning goals.

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 Standardized
Assessment

learner progress and

outcomes assessment
provides one type of
information about
achievements levels
both within and across
individuals that can
inform various types of
programmatic
decisions.

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 Performance
Assessment

can provide other

sources of
information about
the attainment of
learning outcomes.

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 Self Assessment
learning progress
can also improve
students’ self
appraisal skills and
enhance motivation
and self – directed
learning.

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 Alexander and Murphy
Summary of the 14 Principle and distilled them into five areas:

1. The knowledge base – one's existing knowledge serve as the foundation of

all learning.
2. Strategic processing and control – learners can develop skills to reflect and
regulate their thoughts and behaviors in order to learn more effectively
(metacognition).
3. Motivation and affect – reason for wanting to learn, personal goals and
enjoyment of learning task all have a crucial role in the learning process.
4. Development and Individual Differences – learning is a unique journey for
each person because each learner has his own unique combination of
genetic and environmental factors that influence him.
5. Situation or context – learning happens in the context of a society as well
as within an individual.

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Activity:

• Pick an object that represents

you. Then explain, how can you
relate it to yourself.

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