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fault .
A. This will be experienced by areas where fault passes through (note
not all cracks on the ground that people see after a strong
earthquake are faults, some may just be surficial cracks because of
ground failure)
B. The movement may have vertical and horizontal component and
may be as small as less than 0.5 meters (Masbate 1994 earthquake)
to as big as 6 meters (16 July 1990 Earthquake).
Liquefaction- is a process that transforms the behavior of a body of
sediments from that of a solid to that of a liquid when subjected to
extremely intense shaking.
A. As a result, any heavy load on top of the sediment body will either
sink or tilt as the sediment could no longer hold the load, such as
what happened in Dagupan City during the 16 July 1990
earthquake. (e.g. San Francisco 1906:
http://www.iris.edu/hq/inclass/animation/
liquefaction_during_the_1906_san_francisco_earthquake)
4.Land subsidence can occur in various ways during an earthquake.
Movement that occurs along faults can be horizontal or vertical or have a
component of both. As a result, a large area of land can subside
drastically during an earthquake.
4.Land subsidence can occur in various ways during an earthquake.
Movement that occurs along faults can be horizontal or vertical or have a
component of both. As a result, a large area of land can subside
drastically during an earthquake.
Tsunami- sea waves resulting from the disturbance of ocean
floor by an earthquake
Can you recognize what sign was observed by the main narrator of
the story?
READING No. 1 (“Warnings of a Tsunami Underway” from
“Where the First Wave Arrives in Minutes” (2010), UNESCO
READING NO. 3. (“The Sea May Boom” from Yulianto (2010). Where
the First Wave Arrives in Minutes)
According to the reading material, under a different situation
such as a strong earthquake, and observance of changes in the
behavior of the sea.
What is the third observation that confirms incoming tsunami
waves?
Based on eyewitnesses, there is a distinct rumbling sound
made by incoming waves- described as Distinct roaring sound,
strange unusual strong sound (e.g. sucking sounds), rumblings
of many trucks or jet-like or gush of strong rain. So, this is the
3rd natural sound.
3. In summary, Natural Signs of an Approaching Tsunami To
mitigate the effect of the tsunami, the community should be
aware of the natural signs that they might observe. The three
natural signs of an approaching tsunami are:
I. A strong felt earthquake,
II. Unusual sea level change: sudden sea water retreat
(exposed sea beds – coral flats, fishes, etc..) or rise,
III. Unusual rumbling sound of approaching waves (e.g. sound
like that of a train)
Based on stories from eyewitnesses and survivors of past
tsunamis, the following are the natural signs of an impending
tsunami
I. Feel an earthquake. If the ground shakes under your feet in a coastal
region, a tsunami may have been caused by a strong undersea
earthquake. However, you may not feel an earthquake if the event is far
away.
II. See ocean water disappear from the beach, bay or river Before a
tsunami arrives, water may recede from the shoreline before returning as
a fast-moving wall of water. If you notice the water is disappearing, tell
your family and friends and prepare to move inland
or to higher ground.
III. Hear an unusual roaring sound If you hear a loud roar approaching (a
bit like a passenger jet or a train), tell your family and friends. It could be a
tsunami approaching.
Quiz - True or False? Answer true or false to the
following sentences.
A. I should go to the shore to watch a tsunami.
B. All undersea earthquakes cause tsunami.
C. If I felt a strong earthquake while near the coast, I
should wait to hear the rumbling sound before moving
to high ground
D. If a small tsunami is coming, I should get out of the
water and wait until I hear it is safe to return.
E. Is a big tsunami is coming, I should
move as far inland as I can or to higher ground.
F. If I am swimming when a small tsunami comes, I could get
dragged out to sea by the strong rips and currents.
G. A tsunami is most often caused by undersea earthquakes.
1. Based on what they have learned so far, what are
the areas (in their city, municipality or province) that
can possibly be affected by tsunami ?
A. If my home is near the coast, will I be affected by
Tsunami? (depends if their area is fronting a known
offshore/ under the sea earthquake generator)
B. How do I prepare for tsunami? (How far is your
home/ school from the coast? To elevated area?)
2. Write your responses in your
notebooks.
I. Concepts of Magnitude and Intensity
IV. Know where fire extinguishers, first aid kits, alarms and
communication facilities are located. Learn how to use them
beforehand.
A. Prepare a handy emergency supply kit with first aid kit, canned
food and can opener, water, clothing, blanket, battery-operated radio,
flashlights and extra batteries